| 1. |
- Edlund, Sara M., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
I see you're in pain : the effects of partner validation on emotions in people with chronic pain
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 6, s. 16-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aimsChronic pain not only affects the person in pain, but can also have a negative impact on relationships with loved ones. Research shows that chronic pain is associated with difficulties in marital relationships, which in turn is related to a variety of negative outcomes such as psychological distress and conflict within the family. This suggests that couples where chronic physical pain is present also struggle with emotional pain and relationship problems, and thus targeting relationship skills and interpersonal functioning might be helpful for these couples. Although studies in this area are promising, their numbers are few. In the present study, validation as a way of communicating is suggested for handling emotional expression in interpersonal interactions. Validation communicates understanding and acceptance of the other person's experience, and it has been shown to have a down-regulating effect on negative emotions. It has previously been demonstrated to be important for these couples. However, the feasibility and effects of increasing partner validation in these couples are unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate if a brief training session in validation for spouses would result in more validating and fewer invalidating responses towards their partners with pain, and to investigate if changes in these behavioural responses were associated with changes in emotion and pain level in the partner with pain.MethodsParticipants were 20 couples where at least one partner reported chronic pain. The study employed a within-groups design in which spouses of people with pain received validation training (without their partner's knowledge), and their validating and invalidating responses were rated pre- and post-intervention using a reliable observational scale. Also, positive and negative affect and subjective pain level in the persons with pain were rated pre- and post-intervention.ResultsResults showed that the validation training was associated with increased validating and decreased invalidating responses in the partners. Their spouses with chronic pain reported a decrease in negative affect from pre- to post-training.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the partner or closest family member, after brief validation training, increased validating responses and decreased invalidating responses towards the person with pain, which had an immediate positive impact on emotions in the other person.ImplicationsThis study suggests that using validation in interpersonal interactions is a promising tool for couples where chronic pain is present.
|
|
| 2. |
- Holländare, Fredrik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Therapist behaviours in internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) for depressive symptoms
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 3:1, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is efficacious for treating depression, with therapist guidance identified as important for favourable outcomes. We have limited knowledge, however, about the fundamental components of therapist guidance in ICBT. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine therapist messages sent to patients during the course of ICBT for depressive symptoms in order to identify common “therapist behaviours” and the extent to which these behaviours correlate with completion of modules and improvements in symptoms at post-treatment, one- and two-year follow-up. A total of 664 e-mails from 5 therapists to 42 patients were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The most frequent behaviour was encouraging that accounted for 31.5% of the total number of coded behaviours. This was followed by affirming (25.1%), guiding (22.2%) and urging (9.8%). Less frequently the therapists clarified the internet treatment framework, informed about module content, emphasised the importance of patient responsibility, confronted the patient and made self-disclosures. Six of the nine identified therapist behaviours correlated with module completion. Three behaviours correlated with symptom improvement. Affirmingcorrelated significantly (r = .42, p = .005) with improvement in depressive symptoms at post-treatment and after two years (r = .39, p = .014). Encouraging was associated with outcome directly after treatment (r = .52, p = .001). Self-disclosure was correlated with improvement in depressive symptoms at post-treatment (r = .44, p = .003). The study contributes to a better understanding of therapist behaviours in ICBT for depressive symptoms. Future directions for research are discussed.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Anniko, Malin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a Shortened Version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-S) : construct validity and sex invariance in a large sample of Swedish adolescents
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology. - New York, NY, USA : Exeley Inc.. - 2245-8875. ; 6:1, s. 4-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stressor experience is an important topic of research concerning adolescent health and ill-health. For this, valid and reliable measures of adolescent stress are needed. The Adolescent Stress Questionnaire 2 was developed to tap into stressor domains specific for adolescence. Psychometric evaluations in Australian and European samples have indicated adequate psychometric properties. However, the ASQ-2 is quite extensive, which may render its use in large cohort studies, where several aspects of adolescent health are investigated, inconvenient and problematic.Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a short version of the ASQ-2 (ASQ-S) in terms of construct validity and factorial invariance across gender.Method: The ASQ-2 was translated into Swedish and items were retained from nine of the ten scales based on factor loadings. One scale (stress of emerging adult responsibilities) was removed entirely due to low internal consistency and variance explained. The remaining 27 items were piloted and then included in an ongoing 5-year longitudinal study involving the participation of all students in the 7th and 8th grade in public schools from three Swedish municipalities (N = 2768, 47.5 % girls, mean age 13.64 years). For this study data from the first and second wave was used.Results: A nine factor Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed a good fit to the data and invariance across sexes was supported. The nine scales correlated positively with depressive symptoms, anxiety and worry and negatively with self-esteem. Girls reported higher stress levels than boys in eight of the nine scales. Stressors related to peer pressure predicted reported levels of anxiety and worry one year later, whereas stressors related to romantic relationships predicted depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Overall this study suggests that the ASQ-S could be a valid measure of adolescent stressor experience and psychometrically equivalent to the full ASQ-2.
|
|
| 5. |
- Anniko, Malin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the development of adolescent emotional problems
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Routledge. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 70:1, s. 3-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has indicated that cognitive emotion regulation strategies contribute to the development and maintenance of emotional problems in adults and adolescents. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research with adolescent samples, hence knowledge of exactly how these strategies influence the development of emotional problems in adolescence is sparse. This study investigated maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (cognitive avoidance and repetitive negative thinking) as a potential mediator in the development of anxiety and depressed mood over time in adolescence. Self-reported depressed mood, anxiety, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies were assessed during school hours in a sample of Swedish 10th graders (N=149; 53% girls), with follow-up assessments one and two years later. Repetitive negative thinking and cognitive avoidance formed a unidimensional factor of cognitive emotion regulation. Cognitive emotion regulation was found to mediate the development of both anxiety and depressed mood over time, lending support to the previous findings that cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive avoidance and repetitive negative thinking might act as transdiagnostic mechanisms in the development of emotional symptoms in adolescence. This suggests that maladaptive forms of cognitive emotion regulation could be important targets in prevention and treatment of emotional problems in adolescence.
|
|
| 6. |
- Anniko, Malin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sources of stress and worry in the development of stress-related mental health problems : A longitudinal investigation from early- to mid-adolescence
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Anxiety, Stress, and Coping. - London, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis. - 1061-5806 .- 1477-2205. ; 32:2, s. 155-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Stress and stress-related mental health complaints are common and increasing among adolescents, especially girls. Identifying typical sources of stress as well as central intervention targets is an important effort in the development of effective prevention and treatment protocols. This study investigated worry as potential mediator in the development of mental health problems in response to common stressors in adolescence. We also examined to what sources adolescents ascribe their stress over the years from the 7th through the 9th grade. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Self-reported subjective stressor load, worry, anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed in a sample of Swedish 7th graders (N = 1137; 46% girls, mean age 13.2) with follow-up assessments one and two years later. Results: School was the most common source of stress across all time-points, with girls reporting considerable more stress than boys. Worry mediated the relationship between overall stressor load and depressive symptoms and anxiety over time and was not moderated by gender. Conclusions: Worry may be an important target in stress prevention and efforts to prevent stress-related problems would benefit from focusing on early adolescence as especially school stress is already relatively common in grade 7.
|
|
| 7. |
- Anniko, Malin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Stress and Emotional Distress in Adolescence : The Role of Worry and Rumination
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Adolescence is a time of profound changes in multiple contexts, giving rise to an increased amount of potential stressors. It is also a developmental period were emotional problems tend to have their onset and are common. We know from previous research that stressors are a risk factor for internalizing problems. However, we know less about how this relationship unfolds. There has been a lack of research into potential mechanisms affecting this relationship such as moderating and mediating variables. Concerning stressors in the form of daily hassles, a potent mechanism is how well adolescents regulate their emotions. Studies have shown that especially cognitive regulatory strategies, such as worry and rumination, tend to increase in early adolescence, an increase that precedes increases in emotional problems. However, with a few exceptions, many studies have been cross-sectional and we do not know exactly how these strategies affects or are affected by stressors and emotional problems. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate how cognitive emotion regulation strategies, more specifically worry and rumination, relate to the development of emotional problems in the face of stressors.Method: This is a prospective study following 3200 Swedish adolescents in 7th and 8th grade across one year. Participants completed questionnaires about amounts of stressors, levels och worry, rumination, anxiety and depressive symptoms during school hours in the spring of 2014 and again in 2015. Half-longitudinal mediational- and moderation analyses will be performed to investigate how worry and rumination relate to the development of emotional problems in the face of stressors.Results: The open paper will give an overview of the above-mentioned analyses and present a discussion of the results with respect to theory and clinical implications.
|
|
| 8. |
- Anniko, Malin, 1981-
(författare)
-
Stuck on repeat : Adolescent stress and the role of repetitive negative thinking and cognitive avoidance
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stress and stress-related mental health problems such as anxiety and depressive symptoms are common in adolescents and seem to be increasing, especially in mid- to late-adolescent girls. Although adolescence, as a period of rapid growth and profound change, is often marked by an increase in normal stressors (e.g. conflicts with parents, fitting in with peers, increased academic demands), most adolescents do not develop more persis-tent problems with stress. To be able to develop effective preventive interventions there is a need to understand both what adolescents are ascribing their stress to, how different stressor domains relate to outcomes, and why some adolescents go on to develop stress-related mental health problems while others do not. This dissertation aimed to answer some of these questions by investigating the role of cognitive avoidance and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in the development of stress-related mental health problems (Study I & III). It also aimed to develop and validate a shortened version of a questionnaire designed to measure stressor load within different life domains in adolescence (Study II). Findings show that the shortened version of the Adolescents Stress Questionnaire seems to be a valid measure of stressor load within different domains in adolescence. School-related stressors were the most prevalent sources of stress, but social stressors seem to have a stronger link to increases in mental health symptoms. Also, adolescents who report higher levels of distress and stressor load tend to increase their engagement in cognitive avoidance and RNT over time which in turn predicts further increases in mental health symptoms. This suggests that cognitive avoidance and RNT may be important mechanisms in the development of stress-related mental health problems in adoles-cence.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bauducco, Serena V., 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
Too tired for school? : the effects of insomnia on absenteeism in adolescence
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Sleep Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7218 .- 2352-7226. ; 1:3, s. 205-210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Sleep has important consequences for a person's daytime functioning. Numerous studies have shown that insomnia predicts work absenteeism and work disability in adults, but only a few studies have examined this association in adolescents. This study aims to explore whether symptoms of insomnia in adolescents predict school absenteeism 1 year later, over and above known psychological risk factors for absenteeism.Design: The study used a longitudinal design with 2 measurement points over 1 year.Setting: The students completed questionnaires during school hours at baseline and again at follow-up.Participants: Students in the 10th to 12th grades in a Swedish upper secondary school were followed prospectively for 1 year (age, 16-20 years; N = 353; 48.1% girls).Measurements and results: We used logistic regression analyses, controlling for the known effects of psychological factors, and arrived at a model elucidating the role of insomnia. That is, besides symptoms of insomnia, the model included previous absenteeism, alcohol intoxication, school-related social phobia, social anxiety, depressive symptoms, somatic symptoms, and bully victimization. Symptoms of insomnia predicted school absenteeism 1 year later, over and above known risk factors for absenteeism. Adolescents reporting severe symptoms of insomnia were almost 3 times more likely than adolescents reporting no or low symptoms to report problematic absenteeism 1 year later. We did not find any gender difference.Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of sleep problems on adolescents' daytime functioning as measured by school absenteeism. Therefore, sleep may be an important target for preventive interventions with adolescents.
|
|
