| 1. |
- Ellonen, N, et al.
(author)
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Current parantal attitudes towards upbringing practices in Finland and Sweden thirty years afer the ban on corporal punishment
- 2015
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In: Child Abuse Review. - : Wiley. - 0952-9136 .- 1099-0852. ; 24:6, s. 409-417
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thirty years have now passed since Sweden and Finland, as the first countries in the world, enacted national legislation against corporal punishment. This study examines the current attitudes towards corporal punishment among Finnish and Swedish parents of newborn to 12-year-old children. Differences between the countries in parents’ attitudes towards upbringing practices in relation to socio-demographic background factors were also analysed. The study was based on identical survey data collected separately in Finland and Sweden in 2011 and later merged for analysis. The survey included questions regarding parental behaviour and attitudes towards upbringing practices. Data were analysed using univariate tests (chi-2) and logistic regression. The analysis showed that a significantly larger proportion of Finnish parents approved of slapping or hitting their children compared to Swedish parents (OR = 6.20). Swedish parents, on the other hand, approved of shaking more than Finnish parents (OR = 0.54). Furthermore, a larger proportion of Finnish parents had positive attitudes towards non-violent types of punishments compared to Swedish parents. The socio-demographic background factors did not explain the differences between the countries. Cultural factors that may plausibly influence these attitudes are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Ellonen, Noora, et al.
(author)
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Current Parental Attitudes Towards Upbringing Practices in Finland and Sweden 30 Years after the Ban on Corporal Punishment
- 2015
-
In: Child Abuse Review. - : Wiley. - 0952-9136 .- 1099-0852. ; 24:6, s. 409-417
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thirty years have now passed since Sweden and Finland, as the first countries in the world, enacted national legislation against corporal punishment. This study examines the current attitudes towards corporal punishment among Finnish and Swedish parents of newborn to 12-year-old children. Differences between the countries in parents' attitudes towards upbringing practices in relation to socio-demographic background factors were also analysed. The study was based on identical survey data collected separately in Finland and Sweden in 2011 and later merged for analysis. The survey included questions regarding parental behaviour and attitudes towards upbringing practices. Data were analysed using univariate tests (chi-2) and logistic regression. The analysis showed that a significantly larger proportion of Finnish parents approved of slapping or hitting their children compared to Swedish parents (OR = 6.20). Swedish parents, on the other hand, approved of shaking more than Finnish parents (OR = 0.54). Furthermore, a larger proportion of Finnish parents had positive attitudes towards non-violent types of punishments compared to Swedish parents. The socio-demographic background factors did not explain the differences between the countries. Cultural factors that may plausibly influence these attitudes are discussed. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Ellonen, Noora, et al.
(author)
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Parents' Self-Reported Use of Corporal Punishment and Other Humiliating Upbringing Practices in Finland and Sweden : A Comparative Study
- 2017
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In: Child Abuse Review. - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0952-9136 .- 1099-0852. ; 26:4, s. 289-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden and Finland were the first countries to ban corporal punishment 30years ago. Since then, the prevalence of attitudes supporting the use of corporal punishment and the practice itself have decreased. This study examines the current frequencies of corporal punishment and other humiliating upbringing practices in Finnish and Swedish families. The analysis is based on survey data among 3170 Finnish and 1358 Swedish parents with children from newborn to 12years of age. Data were analysed using univariate tests (chi-square) and logistic regression. According to the analysis, a larger proportion of Finnish parents, and especially mothers, use humiliating upbringing practices compared to Swedish parents. This difference is not found with regard to corporal punishment. A larger proportion of Finnish parents push their children compared to Swedish parents, while a larger proportion of Swedish parents shake their children. In both countries, corporal punishment is more frequently used by fathers, boys are more often victimised than girls, toddlers are more often exposed to corporal punishment and school-age children are more often subjected to psychologically abusive practices. Corporal punishment and other humiliating upbringing practices are strongly correlated in both countries. The differences found between countries were not explained by socio-demographic factors.
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| 4. |
- Jernbro, Carolina, et al.
(author)
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Disclosure of Child Physical Abuse and Perceived Adult Support among Swedish Adolescents
- 2017
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In: Child Abuse Review. - : Wiley. - 0952-9136 .- 1099-0852. ; 26:6, s. 451-464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compared to child sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about disclosure of child physical abuse (CPA). Enhancing the understanding of the characteristics of disclosure is necessary for improved child protection. The aim of the present study was to examine disclosure of CPA and perceived adult support using both quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of child maltreatment carried out among a nationally representative sample of Swedish adolescents (n = 3202). We found that adolescents who experienced any child maltreatment (CPA, emotional abuse, neglect and witnessing intimate partner violence) were less likely to be able to identify an adult confidant compared to those without a history of abuse. Among the adolescents who reported severe CPA, 52 per cent had disclosed the abuse and the most frequent recipient of disclosure was a peer or sibling. Eleven per cent had disclosed to professionals within school, child protective services or law enforcement. Lack of trust in adults appeared to be the most prominent reason for non- disclosure. Several adolescents who had disclosed abuse to professionals perceived an ineffective response, primarily because of professionals' lack of a child perspective. Some respondents experienced supportive interventions, specifically from school social workers. These patterns showed close similarity to disclosure of CSA.
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| 5. |
- Jernbro, Carolina, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Disclosure of maltreatment and perceived adult support among Swedish adolescents
- 2017
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In: Child Abuse Review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0952-9136 .- 1099-0852. ; 26:6, s. 451-464
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compared to child sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about disclosure of child physical abuse (CPA). Enhancing the understanding of the characteristics of disclosure is necessary for improved child protection. The aim of the present study was to examine disclosure of CPA and perceived adult support using both quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of child maltreatment carried out among a nationally representative sample of Swedish adolescents (n = 3202). We found that adolescents who experienced any child maltreatment (CPA, emotional abuse, neglect and witnessing intimate partner violence) were less likely to be able to identify an adult confidant compared to those without a history of abuse. Among the adolescents who reported severe CPA, 52 per cent had disclosed the abuse and the most frequent recipient of disclosure was a peer or sibling. Eleven per cent had disclosed to professionals within school, child protective services or law enforcement. Lack of trust in adults appeared to be the most prominent reason for non- disclosure. Several adolescents who had disclosed abuse to professionals perceived an ineffective response, primarily because of professionals' lack of a child perspective. Some respondents experienced supportive interventions, specifically from school social workers. These patterns showed close similarity to disclosure of CSA.
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| 6. |
- Jernbro, Carolina, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Quality of life among Swedish school children who experienced multitype child maltreatment
- 2015
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:3, s. 320-325
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM:The aim of this study was to examine the overlap between child maltreatment types and their association with quality of life among school children.METHODS:A national cross-sectional study of 3202 grade nine Swedish pupils of 15 years of age was carried out in 2011 with an 84% response rate. Data were analysed using Pearson chi-square and multiple linear regression analyses.RESULTS:Of the total sample, 650 children (20%) reported at least one type of maltreatment. There was a large degree of overlap between maltreatment types. In particular, neglect and witnessing intimate partner violence overlapped with most other types of maltreatment. There was a significant relationship between the degree of abuse and multitype maltreatment. Results showed a linear relationship between the number of types of maltreatment and quality of life (p < 0.001), indicating a dose-response relationship.CONCLUSION:The results emphasise the negative impact of child maltreatment on children's lives and highlight the importance of taking the broad spectrum of child maltreatment into account in both research and practice. A more comprehensive assessment of the width of maltreatment among professionals may help to identify the most seriously maltreated children and lead to an improved ability to target intervention and prevention at these children.
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| 7. |
- Jernbro, Carolina, et al.
(author)
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Quality of life among Swedish school children who experiencedmulti-type child maltreatment
- 2015
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:3, s. 320-325
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: he aim of thisstudy was to examine the overlap between child maltreatment types and theirassociation with quality of life amongschool children.METHODS: A national cross-sectional study of 3,202 grade nine Swedish pupils of 15-years-of-agewas carried out in 2011 with an 84% response rate.Data were analysed usingPearson chi-squareandmultiple linear regression analyses.RESULTS: Of the total sample, 650 children (20%) reported at least one type of maltreatment.There was a large degree of overlap between maltreatment types.In particular,neglect and witnessing intimate partner violence overlapped with most other types of maltreatment.There was a significant relationship between the degree of abuse and multi-type maltreatment. Results showeda linear relationship between the number of types ofmaltreatment and quality of life (p<0.001), indicating a dose-response relationship.CONCLUSION: The results emphasise the negative impact of child maltreatment on children's lives and highlight the importance of taking the broad spectrum of child maltreatment into account in both research and practice. A more comprehensive assessment of the width of maltreatment among professionals may help to identify the most seriously maltreated children and lead to an improved ability to target intervention and prevention atthese children.
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| 8. |
- Lucas, Steven, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Bully, bullied and abused. Associations between violence at home and bullying in childhood
- 2016
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 44:1, s. 27-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The aim was to examine experiences of bullying among Swedish adolescents and whether victims and perpetrators were also exposed to violence in the home, with particular focus on how abuse severity affected the risk of exposure to bullying. Methods: A nationally representative sample of pupils aged 14-15 responded to a questionnaire exploring exposure to corporal punishment and other types of violence. Results were analysed using Pearson's chi-square and multiple logistic regression, adjusting for factors regarding the child, the parents and the families' socioeconomic status. Results: Among the 3197 respondents, a significant proportion reported at least one incident of either bullying victimisation (girls 36%, boys 26%) or bullying perpetration (girls 24%, boys 36%). Physical and emotional violence in the home, including witnessed intimate partner violence, were significantly associated with both bullying victimisation and bullying perpetration. Odds ratios for exposure to bullying rose with increasing frequency and severity of abuse. Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.6 for any event of abuse vs. single episodes of bullying to 20.3 for multiple types of abuse vs. many episodes of bullying. The child's gender and the presence of a chronic health condition were consistently associated with nearly all levels of abuse and bullying. Conclusions: Bullying experiences are common among youth and are clearly associated with abuse. Frequent bullying, whether as victim or perpetrator, warrants particular vigilance, as it appears to be an indicator of severe violence in the home.
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| 9. |
- Nylander, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Chronic conditions and coexisting ADHD-a complicated combination in adolescents
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6199 .- 1432-1076. ; 174:9, s. 1209-1215
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adolescents with chronic conditions (CCs) take more health risks than peers. However, coexisting ADHD has not sufficiently been considered. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of different CCs on protective factors and health-risk behaviors, taking coexisting ADHD into account. A school-based study among 6895 15- and 17-year-old students was performed in the county of Sormland, Sweden in 2011 (response rate 80 %). The questionnaire explored background factors, CCs, protective factors, and health-risk behaviors. CCs were reported by 11 %, while 55 % were healthy. Students with CCs more often reported coexisting ADHD than healthy students. In adolescents with neurological conditions, the odds ratio for having ADHD was 7.34 (95 % CI 3.00-17.99) as compared to healthy peers. Few protective factors (< 4) and clustered health-risk behaviors (a parts per thousand yen4) were more common among students with CCs, especially if ADHD or a combination including ADHD was reported. Conclusion: CCs and coexisting ADHD are associated with few protective factors and clustered-health risk behaviors. Adolescents with ADHD-in addition to a chronic condition-should be specially acknowledged by health care professionals in order to prevent health risk behaviors. ADHD should be considered when studying these outcomes in adolescents.
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| 10. |
- Nylander, Charlotte, 1979-
(author)
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Protective factors, health-risk behaviours and the impact of coexisting ADHD among adolescents with diabetes and other chronic conditions
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mental health problems are increasing in Swedish adolescents and mortality rates are higher in this age group than among younger. 10-20% of all adolescents suffer from a chronic medical condition (CC). Few protective factors (PF) and clustering of health-risk behaviours (HRB) are frequent among adolescents with CCs.One of the most common CC in Swedish adolescents is type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Metabolic control often deteriorates during adolescence, especially in girls. Poor metabolic control is associated with increased risk for long-term complications, of which cognitive problems are common. However, the implication of cognitive/executive problems in patients with T1DM has not been sufficiently studied. Neither has the impact of neurodevelopmental problems (NDP), such as ADHD, on HRB in adolescents with CCs been analysed.Methods: In paper I and II the questionnaire ”Life and Health in Youth” was distributed to all students in year nine and year two of the upper secondary school in the county of Sörmland, 2008 (n=5771) and 2011 (n=5550). Adolescents with CCs were compared to healthy peers with regard to PFs and HRBs. In paper III, the ”Five to Fifteen” questionnaire was used in 175 paediatric patients with T1DM. Patients with indications of NDPs were compared with patients without such problems with regard to metabolic control. In paper IV, the BRIEF questionnaire and the ADHD Rating Scale as well as data from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry was used in 241 adolescents with T1DM. Patients with indications of executive problems were compared with patients without such problems with regard to diabetes control.Results: CCs were associated with few PFs and clustered HRBs. The combination of CCs and low numbers of PFs was found to be associated with an increased risk of clustered HRBs. In the presence of coexisting ADHD the pattern of few PFs and clustering of HRBs was aggravated. ADHD was more common among adolescents with other CCs.Definite memory and learning problems as well as mild executive problems were associated with poor metabolic control, especially among adolescents. Executive problems were also associated with many outpatient visits and low physical activity. Girls with T1DM tended to self-report executive problems to a larger extent than boys, while parents more often reported these problems in boys.Conclusion: Knowledge about factors influencing treatment adherence and life in general is essential in the work with chronically ill adolescents. Focus must be put on enhancing PFs in order to avoid HRBs. Identification of coexisting NDPs, such as ADHD, is crucial, since such problems can adversely influence treatment adherence, HRBs and school achievements
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