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- Anderson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Management of advanced prostate cancer: can we improve on androgen deprivation therapy?
- 2008
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Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096. ; 101, s. 1497-1501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are currently the mainstay in the management of advanced prostate cancer. Used either as monotherapy or combined with antiandrogens, GnRH agonists suppress serum testosterone levels and thus slow the growth of the tumour cells that depend on testosterone for growth. GnRH agonists have largely replaced orchidectomy in the management of advanced prostate cancer, because patients are reluctant to undergo surgical castration. However, can we do better in androgen-deprivation therapy? There is some evidence to suggest that GnRH agonists do not achieve the level of testosterone suppression attained with orchidectomy, or as rapidly, factors which could be expected to affect overall survival. Together, these observations highlight the need to develop newer agents that can achieve rapid, profound and sustained testosterone suppression, equivalent to that with orchidectomy. Preliminary data for the GnRH blocker, degarelix, suggest that this new agent might overcome the shortcomings associated with GnRH agonists. Further clinical data are therefore awaited with much interest.
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| 2. |
- Chi, Kim N., et al.
(författare)
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Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: From New Pathophysiology to New Treatment Targets
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 56:4, s. 594-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) refers to patients who no longer respond to surgical or medical castration. Standard treatment options are limited. Objective: To review the concepts and rationale behind targeted agents currently in late-stage clinical testing for patients with CRPC. Evidence acquisition: Novel targeted therapies in clinical trials were identified from registries. The MEDLINE database was searched for all relevant reports published from 1996 to October 2009. Bibliographies of the retrieved articles and major international meeting abstracts were hand-searched to identify additional studies. Evidence synthesis: Advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer (PCa) progression has translated into a variety of treatment approaches. Agents targeting androgen receptor (AR) activation and local steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, immunotherapy, apoptosis, chaperone proteins, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway, RANK-ligand, endothelin receptors, and the Src family kinases are entering or have recently completed accrual to phase 3 trials for patients with CRPC. Conclusions: A number of new agents targeting mechanisms of PCa progression with early promising results are in clinical trials and have the potential to provide novel treatment options for CRPC in the near future. (C) 2009 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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