| 1. |
- Granfors, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Biogenic halocarbons in young Arctic sea ice and frost flowers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203. ; 155, s. 124-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fate of halocarbons, naturally produced volatile halogenated organic compounds, in young Arctic sea ice was studied to better understand the role of sea ice in halocarbon cycling. In early spring, halocarbons were measured in sea ice frozen in core holes, during 12 days of formation and freezing. In order to understand which factors govern halocarbon concentration and distribution, salinity, temperature and biological parameters were monitored in the growing sea ice. It was found that sea ice participates in the cycling of halocarbons between sea and air. Sea ice concentrations and distributions of these compounds were influenced by production in the ice, where ice-inhabiting microorganisms caused local increases in halocarbon concentrations. Moreover, the halocarbon ice concentration decrease/change with time did not follow ice salinity, suggesting that additional removal processes caused sea ice to be a source of halogens to overlying air. The net production rate of bromoform in the surface of newly frozen ice was estimated to 14 pmol L−1 d−1 and the maximum removal rate was 18 pmol L−1 d−1. In addition frost flowers on newly formed sea ice were identified as contributors of halocarbons to the atmosphere with halocarbon concentrations in the same order of magnitude as in sea ice brine
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| 2. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents’ Perceptions of Neighbourhood Social Characteristics : Is There a Correlation with Mental Health?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Child Indicators Research. - : Springer. - 1874-897X .- 1874-8988. ; 7:1, s. 177-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over recent decades, several studies have investigated the relationship between features of the social environment and adolescents’ mental health. Neighbourhood characteristics, based on official statistics or measured by means of surveys among the adult population, such as neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation or social capital have been linked to adolescent mental health. However, adolescents’ individual perceptions of their neighbourhoods may be an equally important factor for understanding variations in adolescent mental health. The objective of this study has been to increase the knowledge on how adolescents’ perceptions of the social characteristics of their neighbourhoods are related to their mental health, and on whether perceptions of the neighbourhood have an independent effect over and above that of the socioeconomic structure of the neighbourhoods in which the adolescents live. Furthermore, we have studied whether this relationship differed between girls and boys, or between adolescents with different ethnic backgrounds. The study was carried out in 2011–2012, and includes 483 adolescents born in 1995 and living in the city of Malmö. Our results show that adolescents’ perceptions of the social characteristics of their neighbourhoods appear to be associated with their mental health, but these associations seem to differ between adolescents depending on individual characteristics (i.e. gender or parental country of birth). Interventions aimed at improving the social characteristics of adolescents’ everyday environments may be an important factor in reducing mental health problems. However, it is important to acknowledge that the influence of perceived neighbourhood characteristics interacts with individual characteristics.
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| 3. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' Utilisation of Psychiatric Care, Neighbourhoods and Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Deprivation : A Multilevel Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental health problems among adolescents have become a major public health issue, and it is therefore important to increase knowledge on the contextual determinants of adolescent mental health. One such determinant is the socioeconomic structure of the neighbourhood. The present study has two central objectives, (i) to examine if neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation is associated to individual variations in utilisation of psychiatric care in a Swedish context, and (ii) to investigate if neighbourhood boundaries are a valid construct for identifying contexts that influence individual variations in psychiatric care utilization. Data were obtained from the Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis in Scania (LOMAS) database. The study population consists of all boys and girls aged 13–18 years (N=18,417), who were living in the city of Malmö, Sweden, in 2005. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the probability of psychiatric care utilisation. The results from the study indicate that the neighbourhood of residence had little influence on psychiatric care utilisation. Although we initially found a variation between neighbourhoods, this general contextual effect was very small (i.e. 1.6 %). The initial conclusive association between the neighbourhood level of disadvantage and psychiatric care utilisation (specific contextual effect) disappeared following adjustment for individual and family level variables. Our results suggest the neighbourhoods in Malmö (at least measured in terms of SAMS-areas), do not provide accurate information for discriminating adolescents utilisation of psychiatric care. The SAMS-areas appears to be an inappropriate construct of the social environment that influences adolescent utilisation of psychiatric care. Therefore, public health interventions should be directed to the whole city rather than to specific neighbourhoods. However, since geographical, social or cultural contexts may be important for our understanding of adolescent mental health further research is needed to identify such contexts.
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| 4. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Crime Involvement in Adolescence : Criminogenic Exposure Interacting with Crime Propensity
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Guided by Situational Action Theory the aim was to explore the role of the social environment and its interaction with personal characteristics and experiences in crime causation among young people in a Swedish city. The interaction between young people’s crime propensity and exposure to criminogenic settings on crime involvement was tested. Futhermore ,the possibility of gender-specific criminogenic settings was explored. Data from The Malmö Individual and Neighbourhood Development study (MINDS) were analysed for the adolescent period. MINDS was modelled after the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+) and consists of 560 randomly selected children born in 1995, living in the city of Malmö, Sweden. The data concern in-depth data detailing self-control through executive functions and risk-taking, morality, deterrence sensitivity and decision-making. Individuals’ exposure to different environments was collected using a Space-Time Budget. Characteristics of settings were measured through a separate community survey. The results showed that exposure to criminogenic settings was associated with crime involvement for boys and girls respectively. However, the impact of exposure to criminogenic settings differed between the sexes. The findings will be discussed in relation to policy implications and further research.
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| 5. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Crime involvement in adolescence : criminogenic exposure interacting with crime propensity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts. - : European society of criminology. ; , s. 463-463
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Guided by Situational Action Theory the aim of the present study was to explore the role of the social environment and its interaction with personal characteristics and experiences in crime causation among young people in a Swedish city. The interaction between young people’s crime propensity and exposure to criminogenic settings on crime involvement was tested. Furthermore, the possibility of gender-specific criminogenic settings was explored. Data from the longitudinal research project Malmö Individual and Neighbourhood Development study (MINDS) were analysed for the adolescent period. In the present study data from the second and third wave of data collection was used. The data concern in-depth data detailing self-control, morality, deterrence sensitivity and decision-making. Individuals’ exposure to different environments was collected using a Space-Time Budget (STB). The STB provide data on the participants exposure to different settings by measuring which settings they take part of and what activities they engage in, from which we gain information on their activity fields. Characteristics of settings were measured through a separate community survey. The result showed that exposure to criminogenic settings was associated with crime involvement for boys and girls respectively. However, the impact of exposure to criminogenic settingsdiffered between the sexes. The findings will be discussed in relation to policy implications and furtherresearch.
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| 6. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Does source of referral matter? –a study of how children’s pathways to the Psychiatric Child and youth Clinics is associated with treatment, treatment outcome, and occurrence in police registers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Programme, 20th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law -Towards a positive leagal psychology. - : EAPL. ; , s. 38-38
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine if there is an association between how children and adolescents are referred to psychiatric child and youth clinics and what type of treatment they receive, the duration of treatment, treatment outcome, and if they occur in police registers. Knowledge on how children’s pathways to care affect different aspects of their treatment is limited, so is the knowledge on the association between source of referral and child and adolescent criminality. If source of referral is associated with differences in treatment, treatmentoutcome and criminality this may have important implications for the design and implementation of psychiatric care for children, and for the development of strategies to prevent future criminality. The data used in the analysis are drawn from The Stockholm Child-psychiatric database which consists of approximately 7600 children who consulted the Psychiatric Child and Youth Clinics (PBU) in the county of Stockholm, were born 1989 or earlier, and finished their contacts with the Psychiatric Child and Youth Clinics in the years 2003 to 2005.
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| 7. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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How are immigrant background and gender associated with the utilisation of psychiatric care among adolescents?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 48:5, s. 693-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate how parental country of birth and individual gender affect utilisation of psychiatric care in adolescents. Methods On the basis of data from the Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis in Scania database, the article employs logistic regression to analyse the utilisation of psychiatric care among adolescents aged 13–18 (n = 92203) who were living in the southern Swedish county of Scania in 2005. Results Adolescents whose parents were born in middle- or low-income countries presented lower levels of psychiatric outpatient care utilisation than those with native parents. Initially, no associations were found between the utilisation of psychiatric inpatient care and parental country of birth. Following adjustment for socio-demographic variables, it was found that adolescents with parents born in low-income countries were less likely to utilise psychiatric inpatient care. Girls presented higher levels of psychiatric care utilisation, but controls for possible interactions revealed that this was true primarily for girls with parents born in Sweden or other high-income countries. Conclusions The different utilisation patterns found among adolescents with different backgrounds should be taken into consideration when planning and designing psychiatric care for adolescents, and when allocating resources. Our results may indicate lower levels of mental health problems among adolescents with parents born in middle- or low-income countries implying that protective factors compensate other stressors implicated in mental health problems. On the other hand, our findings may indicate an unmet health-care need as a result of problems accessing care.
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| 8. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways to child and adolescent psychiatric clinics : a multilevel study of the significance of ethnicity and neighbourhood social characteristics on source of referral
- 2011
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1753-2000. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In the Swedish society, as in many other societies, many children and adolescents with mental health problems do not receive the help they need. As the Swedish society becomes increasingly multicultural, and as ethnic and economic residential segregation become more pronounced, this study utilises ethnicity and neighbourhood context to examine referral pathways to child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) clinics. Methods The analysis examines four different sources of referrals: family referrals, social/legal agency referrals, school referrals and health/mental health referrals. The referrals of 2054 children aged 11-19 from the Stockholm Child-Psychiatric Database were studied using multilevel logistic regression analyses. Results Results indicate that ethnicity played an important role in how children and adolescents were referred to CAP-clinics. Family referrals were more common among children and adolescents with a Swedish background than among those with an immigrant background. Referrals by social/legal agencies were more common among children and adolescents with African and Asian backgrounds. Children with Asian or South American backgrounds were more likely to have been referred by schools or by the health/mental health care sector. A significant neighbourhood effect was found in relation to family referrals. Children and adolescents from neighbourhoods with low levels of socioeconomic deprivation were more likely to be referred to psychiatric child and youth clinics by their families in comparison to children from other neighbourhoods. Such differences were not found in relation in relation to the other sources of referral. Conclusions This article reports findings that can be an important first step toward increasing knowledge on reasons behind differential referral rates and uptake of psychiatric care in an ethnically diverse Swedish sample. These findings have implications for the design and evaluation of community mental health outreach programs and should be considered when developing measures and strategies intended to reach and help children with mental health problems. This might involve providing information about the availability and accessibility of health care for children and adolescents with mental health problems to families in certain neighbourhoods and with different ethnic backgrounds.
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| 9. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Stability and Change of Urban Neighbourhoods
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Stockholm Criminology Symposium, Program and Abstracts. - : The Swedish National Counsil for Crime Prevention. ; , s. 168-169
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The importance of the city and its neighbourhoods has gained an increasing amount of attention in criminological research over the past decades. A number of studies have shown that neighbourhood characteristics are important for our understanding of the distribution of crime and fear of crime. In addition, characteristics of the residential neighbourhood have been identified as important for our understanding of the collective socialization of children and adolescents. Less is known about how these characteristics evolve over time. It has been argued that neighbourhoods develop and change constantly, nonetheless their relative position in the socioeconomic hierarchy of the city is often stable over time. In the present study the development of 104 Malmö neighbourhoods will be investigated over a period of approximately 15 years in order to extend the knowledge on stability and change of urban neighbourhoods. Data are drawn from the Malmö fear of crime study conducted in 1998 and 2012, comprising a total of approximately 8000 respondents living in the city of Malmö (Sweden). Changes in structural characteristics like neighbourhood socioeconomic status as well as in social processes like collective efficacy will be analysed in order to enhance our understanding of stability or change in victimization and fear of crime at the neighbourhood level. The findings will be discussed in relation to interventions aiming at the development of safe neighbourhoods, as well as in relation to future research.
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| 10. |
- Kuang, Yubin, et al.
(författare)
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A Complete Characterization and Solution to the Microphone Position Self-Calibration Problem
- 2013
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Ingår i: A. - 1520-6149. ; , s. 3875-3879
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a complete characterization and solution to microphone position self-calibration problem for time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements. This is the problem of determining the positions of receivers and transmitters given all receiver-transmitter distances. Such calibration problems arise in application such as calibration of radio antenna networks, audio or ultra-sound arrays and WiFi transmitter arrays. We show for what cases such calibration problems are well-defined and derive efficient and numerically stable algorithms for the minimal TOA calibration problems. The proposed algorithms are non-iterative and require no assumptions on the sensor positions. Experiments on synthetic data show that the proposed minimal solvers are numerically stable and perform well on noisy data. The solvers are also tested on two real datasets with good results.
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