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- Botros, Milad, et al.
(författare)
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Endomorphins interact with the substance P (SP) aminoterminal SP (1-7) binding in the ventral tegmental area of the rat brain
- 2008
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Ingår i: Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-9781 .- 1873-5169. ; 29:10, s. 1820-1824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently identified a specific binding site for the tachykinin peptide substance P (SP) fragment SP1-7 in the rat spinal cord. This site appeared very specific for SP1-7 as the binding affinity of this compound highly exceeded those of other SP fragments. We also observed that endomorphin-2 (EM-2) exhibited high potency in displacing SP1-7 from this site. In the present work using a [H-3]-labeled derivative of the heptapeptide we have identified and characterized [H-3]-SP1-7 binding in the rat ventral tegmental area (VTA). Similarly to the [H-3]-SP1-7 binding in the spinal cord the affinity of unlabeled SP1-7 to the specific site in VTA was significantly higher than those of other SP fragments. Further, the tachykinin receptor NK-1, NK-2 and NK-3 ligands showed no or negligible binding to the identified site. However, the mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonists DAMGO, EM-1 and EM-2 did, and significant difference was observed in the binding affinity between the two endomorphins. As recorded from displacement curves the affinity of EM-2 for the SP1-7 site was 4-5 times weaker than that for SP1-7 but about 5 times higher than that of EM-1. The opioid receptor antagonists naloxone and naloxonazine showed weak or negligible binding. it was concluded that the specific site identified for SP1-7 binding in the rat VTA is distinct from the MOP receptor although it exhibits high affinity for EM-2.
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- Virtanen, Pasi, et al.
(författare)
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Towards one-pot synthesis of menthols from citral : Modifying Supported Ionic Liquid Catalysts (SILCAs) with Lewis and Brønsted acids
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier Inc. - 0021-9517. ; 263:2, s. 209-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of ionic liquids in catalysis is attracting ever more attention in chemical engineering. In line with this research we have studied Supported Ionic Liquid Catalysts (SILCAs) which consist of immobilized catalytic species, e.g. transition metal particles residing in an ionic liquid layer immobilized on a solid support. We found out that dissolution of Lewis or Brønsted acids into the ionic liquid layer of SILCA has major effects to the activity as well as the product distribution of the catalyst in citral transformation reactions. In fact, one-pot synthesis of menthols from citral was accomplished. The effects of different amounts of added Lewis and/or Brønsted acids to SILCA (one of them or both) were studied in this work. Graphical abstract Supported Ionic Liquid Catalyst (SILCA) was modified with different Lewis and Brønsted acids and the effects of different acids to the catalyst activity and product selectivity in a reaction of menthols from citral was evaluated. Full-size image (20K)High-quality image (101K)
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