| 1. |
- Malovanyy, Andriy, et al.
(författare)
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Ammonium removal by partial nitritation and Anammox processes from wastewater with increased salinity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X. ; 36:5, s. 595-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work is dedicated to the biological treatment of wastewater with increased salinity using a combination of partial nitritation and Anammox processes. Two one-stage deammonification moving bed biofilm reactors were operated with the increase in NaCl concentration every two weeks by 5 and 2.5 g/L. The strategy with a step of 5 g/L of salinity increase led to complete inhibition of the process at the salinity level of 15 g/L. The strategy with a step of 2.5 g/L gave possibility to adapt bacteria to the elevated salinity. After reaching the salinity level of 10 g NaCl/L, the reactor was operated during 92 days with a nitrogen removal rate of 0.39 +/- 0.19 g N/(m(2)center dot day) (0.078 +/- 0.038 kg N/m(3)center dot day) and an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 59%. It was shown that conductivity cannot be used for monitoring the process when a reactor is treating wastewater with increased salinity, whereas pH can be correlated to effluent ammonium concentration regardless of wastewater salinity.
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| 2. |
- Malovanyy, Andriy, et al.
(författare)
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Combination of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and partial nitritation/anammox moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for municipal wastewater treatment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 180, s. 144-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the combination of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for mainstream wastewater treatment was tested. The competition between aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was studied during a 5 months period of transition from reject water to mainstream wastewater followed by a 16 months period of mainstream wastewater treatment. The decrease of influent ammonium concentration led to a wash-out of suspended biomass which had a major contribution to nitrite production. Influence of a dissolved oxygen concentration and a transient anoxia mechanism of NOB suppression were studied. It was shown that anoxic phase duration has no effect on NOB metabolism recovery and oxygen diffusion rather than affinities of AOB and NOB to oxygen determine the rate of nitrogen conversion in a biofilm system. Anammox activity remained on the level comparable to reject water treatment systems.
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| 3. |
- Malovanyy, Andriy, et al.
(författare)
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Mainstream wastewater treatment in integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor by partial nitritation/anammox process
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 198, s. 478-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the system based on the combination of biofilm and activated sludge (IFAS - integrated fixed film activated sludge) was tested and compared with a system that relies only on biofilm (MBBR - moving bed biofilm reactor) for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by deammonification process. By introduction of suspended biomass into MBBR the nitrogen removal efficiency increased from 36 +/- 3% to 70 +/- 4% with simultaneous 3-fold increase of nitrogen removal rate. Results of batch tests and continuous reactor operation showed that organotrophic nitrate reduction to nitrite, followed by anammox reaction contributed to this high removal efficiency. After sCOD/NH4-N ratio decreased from 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 1.3 +/- 0.1 removal efficiency decreased to 52 +/- 4%, while still maintaining 150% higher removal rate, comparing to MBBR. Activity tests revealed that affinity of NOB to oxygen is higher than affinity of AOB with half-saturation constants of 0.05 and 0.41 mg/L, respectively.
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| 4. |
- Pedrouso, A., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of partial nitritation-anammox processes at mainstream conditions in an IFAS system
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The partial nitritation-anammox processes implementation in the main line of wastewater treatment plants would lead them closer to the energy autarky. With this purpose, an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor was operated at pilot scale. Efficient nitrogen removal (72 ± 11%) was achieved for anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater at low temperature (21 – 15 °C), with a nitrogen removal rate of 37 ± 3 g N/(m3·d) at 15 °C. The ammonium oxidizing bacteria were more abundant in the activated sludge, while anammox bacteria were primarily located in biofilm attached onto the carriers surface. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity was similar between both fractions and its specific activity decreased more than that of other populations when the operating temperature was reduced. Furthermore, the IFAS operational strategy (aerobic/anoxic periods) allowed an efficient NOB activity suppression inside the reactor, which accounted only for the 10 – 20% of the maximum potential activity.
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| 5. |
- Trela, Jozef, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative technologies in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Sweden to improve Baltic Sea water quality
- 2018
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Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2267-1242.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article presents new trends in the treatment of municipal wastewater in Sweden caused by the constantly increasing requirements for discharging pollutants into Baltic Sea waters. The development of new technologies for nitrogen removal, pharmaceutical residues removal and the possibility of using membrane processes in wastewater treatment is presented. The state of research on innovative wastewater treatment processes at the level of pilot-scale tests and their implementation in full technical scale has been described. These technologies can allow the application of new, economical and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment processes based on biological, chemical and physical methods. Swedish wastewater treatment plants are preparing to meet the new conditions required for discharged wastewater with a value of 6 mg N/L for total nitrogen and 0.2 mg P/L for total phosphorus. This requires large investments in the reconstruction of municipal wastewater treatment plants and the introduction of new treatment processes.
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| 6. |
- Trela, Jozef, et al.
(författare)
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Nitritation/anammox-processen för rejektvattenbehandling
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Deammonifikation, baserad på partiell nitritation i kombination med anammox, är som kväveavskiljningsmetod miljövänligare än konventionell nitrifikation/denitrifikation. Detta på grund av minskat energibehov, mindre behov av kemikalier samt lägre utsläpp av CO2 och N2O. Behandlingen av rejektvatten från avvattningsprocessen av rötslam med denna teknik minskar kvävebelastningen på reningsverket som därmed ökar möjligheten att klara framtida strängare reningskrav.Syftet med försöken var att studera strategier för styrning och övervakning av deammonifikationen i biofilmsprocessen i en MBBR (eng. för Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) och utvärdera inverkan av olika luftningstrategier på processens prestanda och effektivitet. Försök utfördes, både på laboratorienivå och vid en pilotanläggning på Hammarby Sjöstadsverk.En viktig parameter som påverkar hastigheten för kväveavskiljning och aktiviteten hos olika mikroorganismer är koncentrationen av löst syre som bör vara tillräckligt hög för att ammoniumoxiderande bakterier (AOB) skall producera tillräckligt med nitrit för anammoxreaktionen, men inte för hög då det hämmar anammoxprocessen och ger ökad aktivitet hos nitritoxiderande bakterier (NOB).Försöken utfördes med kontinuerlig och intermittent luftning med olika syrehalter och tider för luftade och icke-luftade faser. Aktiviteten hos mikroorganismer i biofilmen mättes genom tester av syreupptagningshastighet (OUR), specifik anammoxaktivitetstest (SAA) och nitratupptagningshastighet (NUR). Onlinemätning av pH, ledningsförmåga och redoxpotential användes för att övervaka processen.Den högsta hastigheten och graden av kväveavskiljning erhölls då syrekoncentrationen var 3,5 mg O2/l och kvoten mellan icke-luftad och luftad fas (R) uppgick till 1/3. Aktivitetstester visade att anammoxbakterier och AOB spelade de dominerande rollerna i biofilmen. De genomsnittliga och maximala värdena för specifika anammoxaktiviteten var 3,0 g N/m2 × d respektive 4,3 g N/m2 × d. Syreupptaget vid AOB-aktivitetstesterna hade ett medelvärde på 4,0 g O2/ m2 × d och ett högsta värde på 5,1 g O2/m2 × d.Intermittent luftning minskade energiförbrukningen och förbättrade processeffektiviteten. Införande av anaeroba faser och hög kvävetillförsel ökar anammoxbakteriernas aktivitet och nitritoxidationen begränsas. Nitritproduktionen är begränsande faktor i enstegs deammonifikationsprocess.Mätning av lustgas i pilotanlägningen, visade att lustgasproduktionen som var beroende av kvävebelastning, koncentrationen av löst syre samt förhållandet mellan luftad och icke-luftad fas (R), varierade mellan 0,4 och 2,0 % av den totala kvävebelastningen.Studien visade att redoxpotential (ORP) kan användas som styrningsparameter för driften av enstegs deammonifikationsprocess. Vid försök med användning av ORP för styrning av luftflödet erhölls den högsta kväveavskiljningshastigheten och effektiviteten när börvärde för ORP var 0 mV.
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| 7. |
- Trojanowicz, K., et al.
(författare)
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Model extension, calibration and validation of partial nitritation-anammox process in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for reject and mainstream wastewater
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental technology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X. ; 40:9, s. 1079-1100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the paper, the extension of mathematical model of partial nitritation-anammox process in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is presented. The model was calibrated with a set of kinetic, stoichiometric and biofilm parameters, whose values were taken from the literature and batch tests. The model was validated with data obtained from: laboratory batch experiments, pilot-scale MBBR for a reject water deammonification operated at Himmerfjarden wastewater treatment and pilot-scale MBBR for mainstream wastewater deammonification at Hammarby Sjostadsverk research facility, Sweden. Simulations were conducted in AQUASIM software. The proposed, extended model proved to be useful for simulating of partial nitritation/anammox process in biofilm reactor both for reject water and mainstream wastewater at variable substrate concentrations (influent total ammonium-nitrogen concentration of 530 +/- 68; 45 +/- 2.6 and 38 +/- 3 gN/m(3) - for reject water - and two cases of mainstream wastewater treatment, respectively), temperature (24 +/- 2.8; 15 +/- 1.1 and 18 +/- 0.5 degrees C), pH (7.8 +/- 0.2; 7.3 +/- 0.1 and 7.4 +/- 0.1) and aeration patterns (continuous aeration and intermittent aeration with variable dissolved oxygen concentrations and length of aerated and anoxic phases). The model can be utilized for optimizing and testing different operational strategies of deammonification process in biofilm systems. [GRAPHICS] .
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| 8. |
- Trojanowicz, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot scale studies on nitritation-anammox process for mainstream wastewater at low temperature
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 73:4, s. 761-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process of partial nitritation-anammox for mainstream wastewater at low temperature was run in a pilot scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system for about 300 days. The biofilm history in the reactor was about 3 years of growth at low temperature (down to 10 degrees C). The goal of the studies presented in this paper was to achieve effective partial nitritation-anammox process. Influence of nitrogen loading rate, hydraulic retention time, aeration strategy (continuous versus intermittent) and sludge recirculation (integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) mode) on deammonification process' efficiency and microbial activity in the examined system was tested. It was found that the sole intermittent aeration strategy is not a sufficient method for successful suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in MBBR. The best performance of the process was achieved in IFAS mode. The highest recorded capacity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria in biofilm was 1.4 gN/m(2)d and 0.5 gN/m(2)d, respectively, reaching 51% in nitrogen removal efficiency.
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| 9. |
- Trojanowicz, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Possible mechanism of efficient mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) in hybrid bioreactors (IFAS)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental technology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An explanation of possible mechanism of efficient PN/A in hybrid bioreactors was presented. The bottleneck process is nitritation. Surplus nitrite production by ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is required for assuring the activity of anammox bacteria and eliminating nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). It will be possible if nitrogen removal rate by AOB (r(N_AOB)) is higher than NOB (r(N_NOB)). It was shown that in biofilm AnAOB bacteria should out-compete NOB, whereas nitrogen transformation rates by AOB are usually lower than NOB. However, the growth of r-AOB in activated sludge allows out-selecting NOB. Impact of ammonium-, nitrite-nitrogen and suspended biomass concentration in hybrid PN/A systems on nitrogen removal rates in the temperature ranges from 10 degrees C to 25 degrees C was presented and discussed. Because bulk liquid ammonium nitrogen concentration can be higher in SBR bioreactors (after certain period of time after aeration starts) or in the initial zones of plug-flow systems than in fully mixed systems, conditions for running efficient PN/A are more favourable in intermittently aerated 'IFAS-SBR' or 'IFAS-plug flow' bioreactors.
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| 10. |
- Yang, Jingjing, et al.
(författare)
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Intermittent aeration in one-stage partial nitritation/anammox process
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8574 .- 1872-6992. ; 75, s. 413-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the influence of different aeration strategies, characterized by the ratio (R) between non-aerated and aerated phase duration and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), on one stage partial nitritation/anammox process performance and efficiency treating reject water. The activity of anammox bacteria, ammonium oxidizers, nitrite oxidizers and denitrifiers was determined by measuring specific anammox activity (SAA), oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and nitrate utilization rate (NUR). The results showed that with the same DO level during continuous aeration and intermittent aeration R = 1/3 (in one hour), nitrogen removal efficiencies were similar. This means that introduction of intermittent aeration with R = 1/3 can shorten the duration of aeration without any loss of process efficiency. Around 17-20% of the total decrease in ammonium and nitrate occurred in the non-aerated phase when intermittent aeration with R = 1/3 was applied. Moreover, introduction of non-aerated phases enhanced the activity of anammox bacteria and limited that of nitrite oxidizers.
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