| 1. |
- Ferreira, Cláudia, et al.
(författare)
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Do shame and perfectionistic self-presentation explain the link between early affiliative memories and eating psychopathology?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1354-8506 .- 1465-3966. ; 23:5, s. 628-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study tested a model examining the impact that early affiliative memories (both with family and peers) on eating psychopathology, and whether these links are carried by the mechanisms of external shame and body image-related perfectionistic self-presentation, in a sample of 480 female college students. Path analyses' results revealed that this model accounted for 48% of disordered eating's variance and suggests that the lack of early positive emotional memories is associated with higher levels of shame (feelings of inferiority and unattractiveness), and with higher tendency to adopt body image-related perfectionistic strategies, that seem to explain excessive eating concern and rigid control of one's eating behaviors. This study offers important insights for future research and for the development of intervention programs, by revealing the importance of assessing and targeting shame and perfectionistic strategies and suggesting the importance of promoting adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
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| 2. |
- Ferreira, Cláudia, et al.
(författare)
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How do warmth, safeness and connectedness-related memories and experiences explain disordered eating?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 23:5, s. 629-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Literature suggested that the recall of early positive experiences have a major impact on the promotion of feelings of connectedness and social safeness, and seems to protect individuals against psychopathology. Recent research has also demonstrated that the absence of these positive rearing memories play a key role on disordered eating-related behaviours. The impact of early affiliative memories on disordered eating do not seem to be direct, and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are scarcely investigated. The present study aimed to clarify how memories of warmth and safeness explain the adoption of disordered eating attitudes, and tested the mediator role of social safeness, external shame and appearance-focused social comparison on aforementioned relationship, in a sample of 277 young women. The tested model explained 36% of eating psychopathology's variance and presented an excellent fit. Path analysis results indicated that the impact of rearing memories on eating psychopathology was fully mediated through the mechanisms of social safeness, external shame and appearance-focused social comparison. Specifically, these findings suggested that the extent to which positive rearing memories are associated with lower levels of disordered eating attitudes is influenced by the current feelings of social safeness and connectedness, which in turn are totally carried by decreased feelings of external shame and by lower endorsement on unfavourable comparison based on physical appearance with proximal targets (peers). These results seem to offer important insights for research and clinical work on body image and eating-related difficulties, suggesting the relevance of promoting warm and safe interactions with others.Level of evidenceLevel V, descriptive study.
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| 3. |
- Oliveira, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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The buffer effect of body compassion on the association between shame and body and eating difficulties
- 2018
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 125, s. 118-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body compassion is a new construct which incorporates two multidimensional concepts: body image and self-compassion. Self-compassion has been revealed as a protective mechanism against body image and eating-related-related disturbances, including eating disorders. However, the study of this compassionate competence specifically focused on the domain of the body is still largely unexplored.This study aims to test whether body compassion moderate the impact of external shame on body image shame and disordered eating, in a sample of 354 women from the Portuguese general population.Correlation analyses showed that body compassion was negatively associated with experiences of shame and disordered eating. Path analysis results demonstrated the existence of a moderator effect of body compassion on the relationship between general feelings of shame and both body image shame and related behaviours, and disordered eating symptomatology. In fact, results suggested that body compassion buffered the impact of general feelings of shame on these psychopathological indices, with the tested model accounting for 46% and 39% of the variance of body image shame and disordered eating, respectively.This study contributes to a better understanding of the role of body compassion in body image and eating difficulties. Body compassion seems to be an important protector of these difficulties in women by buffering the effects of general shame on body image shame and related body concealment behaviours, as well as disordered eating. The findings from this study thus appear to offer important research and clinical implications, supporting the relevance of promoting body compassion in prevention and treatment programs for body image difficulties and disordered eating.
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| 4. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Chronic Illness-Related Cognitive Fusion : Preliminary Development and Validation of a New Scale with an IBD Sample
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings. - : Springer. - 1068-9583 .- 1573-3572. ; 25:4, s. 356-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although research recognizes the advantages of creating specific content measures, no specific measure of chronic illness-related cognitive fusion had been developed to date. The current study presents the development and validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire-Chronic Illness (CFQ-CI) in a sample of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and the analysis of the role of this construct in the psychological health of those patients. Results indicated that the 7-item CFQ-CI was a unidimensional measure of cognitive fusion in patients with chronic illnesses, and that scores had adequate/good internal consistency and construct, convergent, and discriminant validity. This study also showed that chronic illness-related cognitive fusion as assessed by the CFQ-CI acted as a mediator in the association between both IBD-related symptoms and shame with quality of life. The development of the CFQ-CI may thus contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms influencing functional outcomes in chronic illness.
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| 5. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic illness-related cognitive fusion explains the impact of body dissatisfaction and shame on depression symptoms in breast cancer patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 25:6, s. 886-893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer is linked to psychological distress and mood disorders that are in turn associated with higher psychological dysfunction and decreased breast cancer survival. It is considered that psychological health in breast cancer is considerably affected by body image impairment, which in turn seems to be highly associated with shame. However, the impact of these variables on mental health may not be direct. The current study aimed to explore a comprehensive model regarding the role of chronic illness-related cognitive fusion in the relationship of body image dissatisfaction and chronic illness-related shame with depression symptoms. The sample was composed of 75 women with nonmetastatic breast cancer, recruited in a Radiotherapy Service in central Portugal. The conducted path model presented an excellent fit and accounted for 59% of the variance of depressive symptomatology. Further, it demonstrated that body image dissatisfaction's impact on depressed mood is significantly explained by the mechanisms of chronic illness-related shame and chronic illness-related cognitive fusion. It was also revealed that chronic illness-related cognitive fusion additionally mediated the impact of chronic illness-related shame on depression. These findings are suggestive of the importance of body image and chronic illness shame in the determination of breast cancer patients' depression symptoms and also the central role of chronic illness-related cognitive fusion in these relationships. Therefore, the implementation of acceptance and defusion-based psychotherapeutic interventions to improve mental health in cancer patients seems to be of great importance.
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| 6. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Developments on committed action : Validity of the CAQ-8 and analysis of committed action's role in depressive symptomatology in breast cancer patients and healthy individuals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 25:1, s. e42-e50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Committed action, a process of acceptance and commitment therapy's psychological flexibility model, is considered an understudied construct that currently can only be measured by one instrument, the Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ-8). This study aims at analysing the psychometric properties of the CAQ-8 in healthy individuals and breast cancer patients. This study also aims to explore the specific meditational role of committed action in the well-established relationship between experiential avoidance and depression symptoms. The healthy sample comprised 294 adults from the general population, and the breast cancer samples comprised 82 participants. Both groups completed the validated self-report measures. CAQ-8's robustness was examined through validity analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, and multigroup analysis. The meditational model was conducted using structural equation modelling. The CAQ-8 presented good internal consistency and construct, convergent, concurrent, and divergent validity in both samples. Further, the CAQ-8 showed incremental validity over a measure of engaged living. Findings also demonstrated measurement invariance between healthy individuals and breast cancer patients. Regarding the conducted meditational model that was also invariant between the two analysed groups, it was demonstrated that part of the effect that experiential avoidance holds on depressive symptomatology is explained by committed action. This study suggests that the CAQ-8 is adequate for use in healthy and cancer populations. Moreover, it provides novel, empirical support regarding the links between committed action, experiential avoidance, and depressed mood, being also the first investigation to particularly study committed action in a cancer population. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Going beyond social support : Fear of receiving compassion from others predicts depression symptoms in breast cancer patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of psychosocial oncology. - : Routledge. - 0734-7332 .- 1540-7586. ; 36:4, s. 520-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent studies have highlighted the importance of being able to receive compassion and affiliative signals from others. The main aim of the present study was to explore whether social support and fear of receiving compassion from others are predictors of depression symptoms in a sample of breast cancer patients.Methods: The sample included 86 female patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. Participants were recruited at a Radiotherapy Service in central Portugal and completed validated self-report instruments. Multiple regression analysis were conducted to examine the predictive effects of clinical (cancer stage, comorbidities) and demographic variables (age, education), social support, and fear of receiving compassion from others on depressive symptoms.Results: Fear of receiving compassion from others was the only significant predictor of the model, with a positive effect on depression symptomatology ( = 0.44; p < 0.001). These results suggest that the amount of supportive social contacts and networks may not be as important as cancer patients' ability to receive compassion from others.Conclusions: This is the first study to focus on fear of receiving compassion from others in cancer patients and seems to be a significant contribution for the study of the social factors that may be associated with depression in breast cancer. Psychological screening interviews in breast cancer, besides assessing patients' level of depression and social support, ought to also evaluate the ability to receive empathy and emotional help and support from other people.
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| 8. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Roles of body image-related experiential avoidance and uncommitted living in the link between body image and women’s quality of life
- 2018
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Ingår i: Women & health. - : Routledge. - 0363-0242 .- 1541-0331. ; 58:1, s. 38-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study aimed to test whether the associations of body mass index, body image discrepancy, and social comparison based on physical appearance with women's psychological quality of life (QoL) would be explained by the mechanisms of body image-related experiential avoidance and patterns of uncommitted living. The sample was collected from October 2014 to March 2015 and included 737 female college students (aged between 18 and 25 years) who completed validated self-report measures. Results demonstrated that the final path model explained 43% of psychological QoL and revealed an excellent fit. Body image-related experiential avoidance had a meditational role in the association between body image discrepancy and psychological QoL. Further, the link between social comparison based on physical appearance and psychological QoL was partially mediated by body image-related experiential avoidance and uncommitted living. These findings indicate that the key mechanisms of the relationship between body image and young women's QoL were those related to maladaptive emotion regulation. It thus seems that interventions aiming to promote mental health in this population should promote acceptance of internal experiences related to physical appearance (e.g., sensations, thoughts, or emotions) and the engagement in behaviors committed to life values.
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| 9. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of illness-related shame on psychological health and social relationships : Testing a mediational model in students with chronic illness
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 25:3, s. 408-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the impact of illness-related shame on the quality of social relationships and psychological health in chronic patients. We aimed to examine the roles of fear of receiving compassion from others and experiential avoidance as potential mediators of this relationship. Although some studies have demonstrated the negative impact of chronic illness-related shame on psychological functioning, the mechanisms that may underlie this link remain understudied. The sample was comprised by 115 college students, which had been diagnosed with at least 1 chronic illness. Participants completed self-report measures on an online platform. This study's design was cross-sectional. A path analysis was conducted using structural equation modelling. Results showed that the impact of illness-related shame on both psychological health (R-2=.45) and the quality of social relationships (R-2=.33) was fully accounted by fear of compassion from others and experiential avoidance. This model revealed an excellent fit. Fear of receiving compassion from others was the main mediator of the illness-related shame link with the quality of social relationships (=-.22). The main mediator of the association between shame-related chronic illness and psychological health was experiential avoidance (=-.21).This study shed light on possible psychological mechanisms linking feelings of shame associated with having a chronic condition and impaired social relationships and mental health. On one hand, resisting feelings of compassion and care from others and, on the other hand, avoiding difficult internal experiences and situations that might trigger them seem to underlie the impact of shame on psychological and social functioning in chronic patients.
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| 10. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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The longitudinal effects of emotion regulation on physical and psychological health : A latent growth analysis exploring the role of cognitive fusion in inflammatory bowel disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Health Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1359-107X .- 2044-8287. ; 23:1, s. 171-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study thus aims to test differences between patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) regarding IBD symptomatology, cognitive fusion, and psychological and physical health, as well as to explore whether the maladaptive emotion regulation process of cognitive fusion longitudinally impacts on the baseline and evolution of these outcomes over a period of 18months.Design and methods: Participants include 116 IBD patients with a mean age of 36.76 (SD=11.39) of both genders (69.83% females) that completed the self-report measures of interest in three different times, equally spaced 9months apart, over a period of 18months. Latent growth curve models were conducted using structural equationmodelling to estimate the growth trajectory of the variables in study.Results: Inflammatory bowel disease symptomatology and cognitive fusion's levels were negatively associated with psychological health and physical health's baseline levels. Furthermore, IBD symptomatology did not influence the growth of psychological health, while cognitive fusion did (=.30, p=.007). The same result was found for physical health (=.26, p=.024). These findings indicate that individuals with higher levels of cognitive fusion present lower levels of psychological health and physical health that tend to further decrease over the time through the effects of this maladaptive emotion regulation process.Conclusions: This study implies that it is of crucial importance to include psychotherapeutic interventions in the health care of patients with IBD. If successful, these interventions could represent decreases in the cost of IBD treatment and in the use of drugs with adverse side effects, in addition to improving patients' mental health and quality of life. Further implications for clinical and research work are discussed.
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