| 1. |
- Phu, Vu Dinh, et al.
(författare)
-
Ventilator-associated respiratory infection in a resource-restricted setting: impact and etiology
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intensive Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2052-0492. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) is a significant problem in resource-restricted intensive care units (ICUs), but differences in casemix and etiology means VARI in resource-restricted ICUs may be different from that found in resource-rich units. Data from these settings are vital to plan preventative interventions and assess their cost-effectiveness, but few are available.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Itala, Eero, et al.
(författare)
-
Gas-phase study on uridine : Conformation and X-ray photofragmentation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 142:19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fragmentation of RNA nucleoside uridine, induced by carbon 1s core ionization, has been studied. The measurements by combined electron and ion spectroscopy have been performed in gas phase utilizing synchrotron radiation. As uridine is a combination of d-ribose and uracil, which have been studied earlier with the same method, this study also considers the effect of chemical environment and the relevant functional groups. Furthermore, since in core ionization the initial core hole is always highly localized, charge migration prior to fragmentation has been studied here. This study also demonstrates the destructive nature of core ionization as in most cases the C 1s ionization of uridine leads to concerted explosions producing only small fragments with masses <= 43 amu. In addition to fragmentation patterns, we found out that upon evaporation the sugar part of the uridine molecule attains hexagonal form.
|
|
| 6. |
- Itala, Eero, et al.
(författare)
-
Photofragmentation of Serine Following C 1s Core Ionization-Comparison with Cysteine
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 120:28, s. 5419-5426
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photofragmentation pathways of doubly ionized serine molecules are investigated and compared with those of cysteine. The main motivation for the study is to investigate if an atomic substitution within the same group of elements, namely, replacing sulfur (in cysteine) with oxygen (in serine), causes a major change in the C 1s core ionization induced dissociation pattern in the molecules of an otherwise identical structure. The results show that in serine there is a single completely dominant fragmentation channel producing the (CNH2-4+, COH1-3+) pairs, whereas in cysteine there are also many other fragmentation channels. The employed experimental method was the photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO) technique combined with synchrotron radiation tuned to ionize desired core levels. Molecular dynamics calculations were also carried out in order to extract information on the fragmentation and the neutral final fragments.
|
|
| 7. |
- Levola, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Ionization-site effects on the photofragmentation of chloro- and bromoacetic acid molecules
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 92:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fragmentation of gas-phase chloro-and bromoacetic acid samples, particularly its dependency on the atomic site of the initial core ionization, was studied in photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO) measurements. The fragmentation was investigated after ionizing carbon 1s and bromine 3d or chlorine 2p core orbitals. It was observed that the samples had many similar fragmentation pathways and that their relative weights depended strongly on the initial ionization site. Additional Auger PEPIPICO measurements revealed a clear dependence of fragment pair intensities on the kinetic energy of the emitted Auger electrons. The modeled and measured Auger electron spectra indicated that the average internal energy of the molecule was larger following the carbon 1s core-hole decay than after the decay of the halogen core hole. This difference in the internal energies was found to be the source of the site-dependent photofragmentation behavior.
|
|
| 8. |
- Takahashi, Osamu, et al.
(författare)
-
Site-selective bond scission of methylbenzoate following core excitation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 20:14, s. 9591-9599
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical bond scission of methylbenzoate (C6H5CO2CH3) following core excitation at the C and O K edges was examined from partial ion yield measurements across these edges using synchrotron radiation. Site-specific scission of the C-O bonds was observed at both edges. Theoretical X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) were obtained using density functional theory. Peak assignments in the observed spectra were found to be consistent with the theory. From core-excited state dynamics calculations, an elongation of the C-O bond was predicted and provides an explanation of the observed partial ion yield enhancement of CH3+ and C6H5CO+ at the core-excited resonances at both edges.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
