| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Abdel-Fatah, Dana, et al.
(författare)
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Qualitative Field Study of Host Community/Refugee from Syria Relations in Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden : FOCUS Research Project Deliverable 4.2
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The FOCUS project is undertaking a range of research and piloting tasks which aim to improve understanding of dynamic integration and to assist the implementation of effective practices. As part of this work a detailed programme of qualitative research has been undertaken in four countries. This report presents the country-specific findings of this research, which will be further consolidated in a cross-site analysis to be completed in the coming months. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with members of the receiving communities and with members of the arriving communities in a total of 10 site in four countries which have different experiences of migration from Syria in recent years (Sweden, Germany, Jordan, Croatia).
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| 3. |
- Broekman, Maarten J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 31:8, s. 1526-1541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species.Location: Worldwide.Time period: 1998-2021.Major taxa studied: Forty-nine terrestrial mammal species.Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types.Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively.Main conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Colonna, Liane, et al.
(författare)
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WASP-HS Community Reference Meeting: Challenges and Opportunities of Regulating AI
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Main Findings:AI systems are increasingly being used to shift decisions made by humans over to automated systems, potentially limiting the space for democratic participation. The risk that AI erodes democracy is exacerbated where most people are excluded from the ownership and production of AI technologies that will impact them.AI learns through datasets but, very often, that data excludes key parts of the population. Where marginalized groups are considered, datasets often contain derogatory terms, or exclude explanatory contextual information, that is hard to accurately categorise in a format that AI can process. Resulting biases within AI design raise concerns as to the quality and representativeness of AI-based decisions and their impact on society.There is very little two-way communication between the developers and users of AI-technologies such that the latter function only as personal data providers. Being largely excluded from the development of AI’s role in human decision-making, everyday individuals may feel more marginalized and disinterested in building a healthy and sustainable society.Yet, AI’s capacity for seeing patterns in big data provides new ways to reach parts of the population excluded from traditional policymaking. It can serve to identify structural discrimination and include information from those otherwise ignored in important decisions. AI could enhance public participation by both providing decision-makers with better data and helping to communicate complex decisions – and their consequences – to wider parts of the population.
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| 6. |
- Dignum, Virginia, et al.
(författare)
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On the importance of AI research beyond disciplines : establishing guidelines
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved into a prominent player in various academic disciplines, transforming research approaches and knowledge generation. This paper explores the growing influence of AI across diverse fields and advocates for meaningful interdisciplinary AI research. It introduces the concept of "agonistic-antagonistic" interdisciplinary research, emphasizing a departure from conventional bridge-building approaches. Motivated by the need to address complex societal challenges, the paper calls for novel evaluation mechanisms that prioritize societal impact over traditional academic metrics. It stresses the importance of collaboration, challenging current systems that prioritize competition and individual excellence. The paper offers guiding principles for creating collaborative and co-productive interdisciplinary AI research environments, welcoming researchers to engage in discussions and contribute to the future of interdisciplinary AI research.
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| 7. |
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HHAI 2024: Hybrid Human AI Systems for the Social Good : Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence
- 2024
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of hybrid human-artificial intelligence (HHAI), although primarily driven by developments in AI, also requires fundamentally new approaches and solutions. Multidisciplinary in nature, it calls for collaboration across various research domains, such as AI, HCI, the cognitive and social sciences, philosophy and ethics, and complex systems, to name but a few. This book presents the proceedings of HHAI 2024, the 3rd International Conference on Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence, held from 10-14 June 2024 in Malmö, Sweden. The focus of HHAI 2024 was on artificially-intelligent systems that cooperate synergistically, proactively and purposefully with humans, amplifying rather than replacing human intelligence. A total of 62 submissions were received for the main track of the conference, of which 31 were accepted for presentation after a thorough double blind review process. These comprised 9 full papers, 5 blue sky papers, and 17 working papers, making the final acceptance rate for full papers 29%. Acceptance rate across all tracks of the main program was 50%. This book contains all submissions accepted for the main track, as well as the proposals for the Doctoral Consortium and extended abstracts from the Posters and Demos track. Topics covered include human-AI interaction and collaboration; learning, reasoning and planning with humans and machines in the loop; fair, ethical, responsible, and trustworthy AI; societal awareness of AI; and the role of design and compositionality of AI systems in interpretable/collaborative AI, among others. Providing a current overview of research and development, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field and facilitate the ongoing exchange and development of ideas across a range of disciplines.
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| 8. |
- Irastorza, Nahikari, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of Host-community/Refugee Relations in Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden : EU H2020 FOCUS Research Project
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This deliverable consists of five tasks which were designed to gain an in-depth and broad understanding of the state-of-the-art on research, policy and practice on integration of refugees and host community relations. This was undertaken to form a foundation upon which to build Work Packages focusing on the field work (WP 3 and 4), the development of a refugee and host community toolbox (WP5 and 6) and the dissemination of all of these (WP7). To achieve this, WP2 has been divided into five separate, though highly interrelated Tasks. This includes; Task 2.1. a state-of-the-art review of the literature and research on the socio-economic integration of refugees. Task 2.2. a state- of-the-art review of the literature and research on the socio-psychological integration of refugees. Task 2.3 Part I. a comparative analysis of integration policies in Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden. Task 2.3 Part II. a qualitative study of professionals’ views on integration practices in Europe. Task 2.4 a state-of-the-art desk review, interviews with key informants and a workshop with practitioners on the tools and solutions for successful integration of refugees. Finally, Task 2.5, a state-of-the-art review on the flows and patterns of asylum migration from Syria to, and sometimes through, Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden.The findings of these tasks showed the following. First, there are significant gaps in our knowledge about aspects of integration of refugees beyond labour market integration. This is especially apparent with regards to the understanding of socio-psychological integration. In addition, WP 2.4 also highlighted that practitioners noted that they were unable to keep up to date with the latest research on integration of refugees and that while general tools and solutions exist, they were often difficult to navigate anat d implement on the ground in different contexts. Therefore, the challenge is not just to fill this knowledge gaps, but also to disseminate the findings in an impactful way to key stakeholders and end users. Our new understanding of these knowledge gaps has already been drawn on to shape the methodology of the field research (WP 3-4), I the hope of addressing them in part at least. The results of WP3-4 will, in turn, inform the development of the toolbox in WP 5-6, as will the engagement of end users with the research findings.Second, when looking at the integration policies of the four research sites, as well as the views on integration policies more generally by key actors in Europe, we can see there are shared approaches and foci. For example, how integration is understood, and the focus on achieving it by granting access to the labour market in all states, or more activity encouraging and facilitating this access (which can be seen in the European states and Jordan). While EU laws may have an impact here, as identified in WP 2.3 Part II, this is also a result of many organisations reliance on the EU’s AMIF funding, which key stakeholders and practitioners reported as having a significant impact on integration policy and practice.Finally, with the exception of a few cases in Sweden, most of the refugees from Syria have been issued temporary residence permits in the four states. While the nature and duration of these vary considerably, securing permanent residency requires that the refugee has ‘integrated’ to some degree (except in the case of Jordan where acquiring permanent residence is not possible). The demand of the three European states vary, but, for example, all require the refugee has either secured employment or has reached a certain level of language proficiency etc. In general, with the exception of Sweden (who mainstreamed migration in all state activities), there is a lack of state-run public awareness raising initiatives or activities to encourage the host community to fulfil their part of the integration process. Here the findings of WP 2.4 provide a valuable resource in reflecting on small- and large-scale integration policies and the tools that have been used to bridge this gap between the two communities.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Jenkins, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Fabulating Futures for Flourishing and Vibrant Worlds
- 2023
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Ingår i: The 10th Nordic Design Research Society (Nordes) Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This one-day workshop will explore fabulations in design research. Bringing together design researchers and practitioners in hands-on exploration and critical dialogue, we will explore emerging practices and potentials of using fabulations in futures-oriented and exploratory practice-based design research. Drawing on fabulations’ relations with feminist technoscience and more-than-human concerns, we seek to understand if and how the practice of fabulating can contribute to designing vibrant worlds that can flourish in new ways.
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