| 1. |
- Bellner, Lars, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of T-cell reactive epitopes in glycoprotein G of herpes simplex virus type 2 using synthetic peptides.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Archives of virology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0304-8608 .- 1432-8798. ; 150:7, s. 1393-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that the CD4+ T-cell response to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein G-2 is type-specific and can thus be used to evaluate herpes simplex virus type 2-specific T-cell responses in individuals with a concomitant herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. In this study we have followed the glycoprotein G-2-specific T-cell responses over time, and also tried to identify T-cell epitopes in the membrane bound portion and the secreted portion of glycoprotein G-2 using synthetic peptides spanning the whole amino acid sequence of glycoprotein G-2. We found that the magnitude of the glycoprotein G-2-specific response varied considerably in infected individuals over time, even though all patients responded to at least one of the two glycoproteins at all time-points examined. We could also document strong T-cell responses to synthetic peptides from the secreted glycoprotein G-2 but only low responses to synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences from the heavily glycosylated membrane-bound glycoprotein G-2. We were able to map an immunogenic region (amino acid 31-125) within the secreted glycoprotein G-2. This region of the glycoprotein induced proliferative responses in 47% of the herpes simplex virus type 2-infected individuals. However, we were not able to identify any universal T-cell epitope.
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| 2. |
- Liljeqvist, Jan-Åke, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Asymptomatically shed recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 strains detected in saliva
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 90:Pt 3, s. 559-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous pathogen infecting most individuals worldwide. The majority of HSV-1-infected individuals have no clinical symptoms but shed HSV-1 asymptomatically in saliva. Recent phylogenetic analyses of HSV-1 have defined three genetic clades (A-C) and recombinants thereof. These data have all been based on clinical HSV-1 isolates and do not cover genetic variation of asymptomatically shed HSV-1. The primary goal of this study was to investigate such variation. A total of 648 consecutive saliva samples from five HSV-1-infected volunteers was collected. Asymptomatic shedding was detected on 7.6 % of the days from four subjects. The HSV-1 genome loads were quantified with real-time PCR and varied from 1x10(2) to 2.8x10(6) copies of virus DNA (ml saliva)(-1). Phylogenetic network analyses and bootscanning were performed on asymptomatically shed HSV-1. The analyses were based on DNA sequencing of the glycoprotein I gene, and also of the glycoprotein E gene for putative recombinants. For two individuals with clinical HSV-1 infection, the same HSV-1 strain was shed asymptomatically as induced clinical lesions, and sequence analyses revealed that these strains clustered distinctly to clades A and B, respectively. For one of the subjects with no clinical HSV-1 infection, a recombinant strain was identified. The other truly asymptomatic individual shed evolutionarily distinct HSV-1 strains on two occasions. The first strain was classified as a recombinant and the other strain clustered in clade A. High replication rates of different strains in the same person may facilitate the creation of recombinant clinical HSV-1 strains.
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| 3. |
- Löwhagen, Gun-Britt, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance and outcome of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody testing in patients attending an STD clinic--recognized and unrecognized infections
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Derm Venereol. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 85:3, s. 248-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) genital infections are asymptomatic. We wanted to evaluate the acceptance of HSV-2 antibody testing among people attending an STD clinic and to estimate, after counselling, the percentage of recognized and unrecognized HSV-2 infections. First visitors to an STD clinic were invited to participate by answering a questionnaire and taking a blood test for HSV-2 antibodies. HSV-2 seropositive individuals, who were unaware of having genital herpes, were offered an HSV-2 counselling visit and follow-up. Of 1769 patients offered testing, 57% accepted. Of 152 (15%) HSV-2 seropositive individuals, 41% had a self-reported history of genital herpes, approximately 30% had genital symptoms and 30% had no genital symptoms. The percentage of patients reporting genital symptoms was much higher in HSV-2 seropositives (45%) without a history of genital herpes than in an HSV-2 seronegative group (28%). HSV-2 antibody testing should be performed generously in all cases of uncharacteristic genital symptoms.
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| 4. |
- Löwhagen, Gun-Britt, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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The microenvironment of vulvar skin in women with symptomatic and asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection
- 2006
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Ingår i: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959. ; 20:9, s. 1086-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is not known why some individuals infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), experience frequent recurrences, while most of those infected have a completely silent infection. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to study if local factors in the skin could explain this difference. DESIGn 21 HSV-2 seropositive patients, 10 with history of >8 clinical recurrences a year (symptomatics) and 11 without symptoms of genital herpes (asymptomatics) were included. All had to answer a questionnaire. With standardised methods, the skin temperature, pH, and the skin barrier function, expressed as transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance, were measured on labium majus and perineum. Culture for bacteria was performed from the same regions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant differences in terms of pH and skin barrier function were registered between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Asymptomatic patients had a tendency (0.06) to a higher colonisation with lactobacilli on labium majus than symptomatic patients.
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| 5. |
- Svensson, Alexandra, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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A 3'-untranslated region polymorphism in the TBX21 gene encoding T-bet is a risk factor for genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in humans.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of general virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 89:Pt 9, s. 2262-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was recently shown that the transcription factor T-bet is crucial for adequate innate and acquired immune responses to genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection in mice. To test the possible genetic influence of variations in the TBX21 gene encoding T-bet on susceptibility to infection, this study evaluated the frequencies of five different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human TBX21 gene in 159 HSV-2-infected individuals and compared them with those in 186 healthy HSV-2-seronegative controls. The data showed that one variation (rs17244587) in the 3'-untranslated region of TBX21 was strongly associated with the incidence of genital HSV-2 infection. The frequency of the A allele at this position was 0.19 in the group of HSV-2-infected individuals compared with 0.05 in the group of uninfected controls (P=9.3x10(-8)). Furthermore, a homozygous AA genotype was found only among HSV-2-infected individuals and not in seronegative controls. These results indicate that the host genetic background may affect susceptibility to HSV-2 infection in humans, with TBX21 as a strong candidate gene.
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| 6. |
- Tunbäck, Petra, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Early acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 1 antibodies in children--a longitudinal serological study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532. ; 40:1, s. 26-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections are commonly acquired in childhood, asymptomatically or as a symptomatic infection. However, little is known about the time of HSV seroconversion during infancy and early childhood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acquisition of IgG-antibodies to HSV in infants and children. STUDY DESIGN: A longitudinal study, using type-specific HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on sera collected from the mother and from their child at the age of 3, 5, 6, 12, 13 and 30 months. RESULTS: The maternal seroprevalences for HSV-1 was 65% and for HSV-2 19%. A gradual loss of maternal antibodies was seen, with few infants having detectable HSV-1 antibodies at the age of 1 year. A more rapid decline was registered for HSV-2 antibodies. A small number of new HSV-1 infections occurred in 3-5-month olds and more than half of the new infections were detected before the age of 13 months. At the age of 30 months, 30% of the children were HSV-1 antibody positive. CONCLUSION: Seroconversion to HSV-1 commonly occurs already during infancy, suggesting that HSV-1 is transmitted primarily from parent to child.
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| 7. |
- Tunbäck, Petra, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Type-specific reactivity of anti-glycoprotein G antibodies from herpes simplex virus-infected individuals is maintained by single or dual type-specific residues.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Journal of general virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 86:Pt 2, s. 247-51
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and gG-2 of HSV-2 are the only known HSV proteins that induce type-specific human antibody responses. Recently, it was shown that purified human anti-gG-1 and anti-gG-2 antibodies presented a type-specific reactivity to immunogenic stretches with high similarity between gG-1 and gG-2. In this study, the molecular basis for this type-specific recognition was investigated employing synthetic peptides covering the indicated regions, including substitutions of the type-specific residues. The results revealed that single or dual type-specific residues localized within regions of high similarity could induce significant structural differences, explaining the type-specific recognition of the human antibody response to the gG proteins.
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