| 1. |
- Twetman, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Coaggregation between probiotic bacteria and caries-associated strains : an in vitro study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 67:5, s. 284-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To evaluate the in vitro abilities of probiotic bacteria derived from consumer products to coaggregate with caries-associated mutans streptococci. Material and Methods. Six lactobacillus strains (L. acidophilus (CCUG 5917), L. plantarum 299v, L. rhamnosus GG and LB21, L. paracasei F19, L. reuteri PTA5289) were cultivated under anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C in Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth for 24 h. Four strains of human streptococci (S. mutans Ingbritt, S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. mutans GS-5, S. sobrinus (ATCC 33478) were similarly grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. A gastrointestinal pathogen (Escherichia coli) was aerobically cultivated on BHI broth as a positive control. After incubation, the bacteria were aerobically harvested, washed, and suspended in 10 mmol/l phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2). The probiotic strains were characterized with the API 50 CH system to confirm their identity. Coaggregation was determined by spectrophotometry in mixtures and bacterial suspensions alone after 1, 2, 4, and 24 h and expressed as the aggregation ratio (%). Results. All probiotic strains showed coaggregation abilities with the oral pathogens and the results were strain specific and dependent on time. S. mutans GS-5 exhibited a significantly higher ability to coaggregate with all the probiotic strains than the other mutans streptococci and E. coli. The differences among the probiotic strains were modest with L. acidophilus being the most prone and L. rhamnosus LB21 the least prone to coaggregate with the oral streptococci. Conclusions. The results demonstrated different abilities of lactobacilli-derived probiotic bacteria to coaggregate with selected oral streptococci. Aggregation assays may be a useful complement for screening of probiotic candidates with possible anti-caries properties.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, A, et al.
(författare)
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White spot lesion regression with the CPP-ACP system assessed by a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent).
- 2006
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Ingår i: Oral Health Prev Dent.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate and compare the effects of a dental cream containing complexes of casein phosphoprotein-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride mouth rinses on the regression of white spot lesions (WSL). Material and methods: The study group consisted of 26 healthy adolescents (mean age 14.6 yr) exhibiting 60 teeth with 152 visible WSL sites on incisors and canines immediately after debonding of fixed orthodontic appliances. After bracket removal, professional tooth cleaning and drying, a visual scoring (0-4) and laser fluorescence (LF) readings were carried out. The patients were randomly assigned to two different treatment protocols with the aim to remineralize the lesions: A) daily topical applications of a dental cream containing CPP-ACP (Topacal) for 3 months followed by a 3-month period of daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste, or B) daily 0.05% sodium fluoride rinses combined with fluoridated toothpaste for 6 months. The registrations were repeated after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and follow-up data were compared with baseline with aid of chi-square and paired t-tests. Results: A significant improvement of the clinical WSL-scores was found over time in both groups but there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) concerning the number of sites that totally disappeared after 12 months in favor for the CPP-ACP regime, 63% vs. 25% respectively. The clinical registrations were mirrored by a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the LF readings at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups compared to baseline. No significant differences were displayed between the groups. Conclusion: Clinical scoring and LF assessment suggested that both regimens could promote regression of WSL after debonding of fixed orthodontic appliances. The visual evaluation suggested an aesthetically more favourable outcome of the amorphous calcium phosphate treatments.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Economic aspects of the detection of occlusal dentine caries.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 67:1, s. 38-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost of true-positive occlusal dentine caries detection in permanent molars assessed by: (I) visual-tactile examination, (II) visual-tactile examination combined with bitewing radiographs, and (III) selective radiographic examination of patients with lesions detected clinically. A second aim was to analyse the different strategies when the costs of the subsequent restorative care are considered. METHODS: A model analysis was applied owing to the lack of original articles. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated from a systematic review and included in vitro and in vivo studies of medium and high quality. The direct costs for examinations and restorative care were extracted from the costs of the Public Dental Service in Sweden (2006). RESULTS: The diagnostic costs per true-positive finding were dependent on the occurrence of occlusal caries and increased with decreasing prevalence. The strategy by which radiographs were exposed selectively on the basis of findings from visual-tactile examination resulted in higher initial costs compared with the first and second strategies. When the costs of the subsequent restorative care were added, the selective strategy was most beneficial by up to 26% savings per true-positive diagnosis. However, with this selective strategy, more cases of true-positive dentine caries were assumed would remain undetected as compared with the combined strategy with visual-tactile examination and radiographs for all. CONCLUSIONS: The cost for a true-positive caries diagnosis was inversely related to caries occurrence, and different diagnostic strategies may display contrasting outcomes when subsequent restorative care is taken into account.
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| 4. |
- Bruno-Ambrosius, K, et al.
(författare)
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Eating habits, smoking and toothbrushing in relation to dental caries: a 3-year study in Swedish female teenagers.
- 2005
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Ingår i: International journal of paediatric dentistry. ; 15:3, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to describe eating, toothbrushing and smoking habits in a cohort of Swedish female adolescents, and to relate the findings to dental caries increment. DESIGN: The research took the form of a longitudinal study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of a cohort of 162 girls under regular dental care, aged 12 years at baseline, who were followed for 3 years, from the sixth to the ninth grade. Eating, oral cleaning and smoking habits were self-reported three times per year through a questionnaire, and caries data at baseline and after 3 years were collected from dental records. RESULTS: The results showed significantly (P < 0.05) impaired eating habits during the study period and that adherence to regular main meals diminished. In the eighth grade, one-third of the girls skipped breakfast before school and only 50% had their free school lunch daily. The omission of breakfast and irregular main meals, as well as smoking were significantly associated with caries (decayed, missed and filled surfaces) increment in the eighth grade (odds ratio = 4.1-4.9, P < 0.05). Snacks, light meals, soft drinks and sweets were already frequently consumed at baseline and continued to be so over the years. Although > 95% of subjects reported that they brushed their teeth at least once a day, approximately 20% did not do it every evening, and this figure remained stable over the study period. However, snacks, soft drinks and sweets, and toothbrushing habits had no significant influence on caries development. CONCLUSION: Dietary advice for caries prevention in adolescent girls should focus on the importance of retaining regular main meals, and especially, not skipping breakfast.
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| 5. |
- Cagar, E, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol or probiotic bacteria on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - Berlin : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 11:4, s. 425-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate the effect of xylitol and probiotic chewing gums on salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). The material consisted of 80 healthy young adults (21-24 years) who volunteered after informed consent. They were assigned by random into one of four parallel study groups: A, probiotic gum group; B, xylitol gum group; C, probiotic + xylitol gum group; and D, placebo gum group. The gums were taken three times daily after meals, and the intervention period was 3 weeks. The probiotic gums contained two strains of Lactobacilli reuteri (ATCC 55730 at a dose of 1 x 10(8) CFU/gum and ATCC PTA 5289 at a dose of 1 x 10(8) CFU/gum), and each pellet of the xylitol gum contained approximately 1.0 g xylitol as single sweetener. Pretreatment and posttreatment samples of stimulated whole saliva were collected and quantified for MS and LB with chair-side kits. A statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of salivary MS was displayed in group A and B after the intervention when compared with baseline. A similar but nonsignificant tendency was seen in group C. No alterations of salivary LB was demonstrated in any group. In conclusion, daily chewing on gums containing probiotic bacteria or xylitol reduced the levels of salivary MS in a significant way. However, a combination of probiotic and xylitol gums did not seem to enhance this effect.
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| 6. |
- Çaglar, E, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of yoghurt with Bifidobacterium DN-173010 on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. ; 63:6, s. 317-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Probiotic bacteria are thought to reduce the risk of disease. Previous studies have suggested that lactobacilli-derived probiotics in dairy products may affect the oral ecology but the effect of bifidobacteria has not previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to examine whether or not a short-term consumption of yogurt containing bifidobacteria would affect the salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in young adults. A double blind, randomized crossover study was performed and 21 healthy subjects were followed over four periods. During period 2 and 4 (two weeks each), they ingested 200 g yogurt containing Bifidobacterium DN-173 010 once daily or a control yogurt without viable bacteria. Periods 1 and 3 were run-in and washout periods, respectively. Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were enumerated with chair-side kits. A statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) of salivary mutans streptococci was recorded after the probiotic yogurt consumption, which was in contrast to the controls. A similar trend was seen for lactobacilli but this decrease failed to reach statistical significance. In conclusion, probiotic bifidobacteria in yogurt may reduce the levels of selected caries-associated microorganisms in saliva.
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| 7. |
- Çaglar, E, et al.
(författare)
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Probiotics and oral health.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Prophylaxe impuls. ; :10, s. 62-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Probiotics are living microorganisms that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. While the role of probiotics in preventive and therapeutic medicine is firmly established, only limited research is available on its effect on oral health. Recent findings have however suggested that strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium may inhibit mutans streptococci and candida species in the oral cavity. The present overview focuses on vehicles, installation in the mouth and possible benefits on oral ecology. Although an increasing number of studies suggest a role of lactobacilli-derived probiotics on caries pathogens, its efficacy as a preventive measure is still to be determined in randomized controlled trials.
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| 8. |
- Çaglar, E, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 by straws and tablets.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. ; :64, s. 314-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that lactobacilli-derived probiotics in dairy products may affect oral ecology, but the impact of different vehicles of ingestion has received little attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in young adults when ingested by two different delivery systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material comprised 120 healthy young adults (21-24 years) and a placebo-controlled study design with parallel arms was utilized. The subjects were randomly assigned to four equally sized groups: group A drank 200 ml of water through a prepared straw containing L. reuteri ATCC 55730 once daily for 3 weeks, while group B took 200 ml water through a placebo straw during the same period. Group C was given one tablet containing L. reuteri ATCC 55730 once daily for 3 weeks, while group D received placebo tablets without bacteria. Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were enumerated with chair-side kits at baseline and 1 day after the final ingestion. RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction of the mutans streptococci levels was recorded after ingestion of the probiotic bacteria via the straw (p<0.05) and the tablets (p<0.01), which was in contrast to the placebo controls. A similar but non-significant trend was seen for lactobacilli. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term daily ingestion of lactobacilli-derived probiotics delivered by prepared straws or lozenges reduced the levels of salivary mutans streptococci in young adults.
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| 9. |
- Engström, Kristina, 1963-
(författare)
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Fluoride concentration in plaque and saliva and its effects on oral ecology after intake of fluoridated milk
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to WHO, the addition of fluoride to milk could be considered as an alternative to water fluoridation for community-based caries prevention in childhood. School-based schemes in developing as well as industrial countries have demonstrated substantial benefits on oral health, but there are limited data available on the local events in the oral cavity after consumption of fluoridated milk. The general aim of the present investigations was to investigate the concentration of fluoride obtained in saliva and dental plaque after ingestion of Fmilk and to explore the possible effects on the oral ecology. A series of controlled studies were performed in vivo in which samples of saliva and dental plaque were collected and analysed with respect to fluoride content, microbial composition and acidogenicity. An in vitro study evaluated the effect on enamel lesion formation. In paper I, significantly increased concentrations of fluoride (p<0.05) were disclosed in saliva 15 minutes after drinking the fluoride-containing water or milk. In the plaque samples however, the F-increase remained significantly elevated still after 2 hours. The availability of fluoride from milk was generally somewhat lower than from water but the differences were not statistically significant in either plaque or saliva. In paper II, the fluoride concentration in plaque was further explored after a single intake or habitual consumption of fluoridated milk together with a regular meal. The results showed that cariesinhibiting levels of fluoride persisted up to 4 hours after intake. There were no significant differences between the single intakes when compared with repeated intakes. In paper III, the influence of fluoridated milk on the salivary microorganisms associated with dental caries was evaluated. No significant alterations of the microflora were found compared with baseline. There was a slight reduction in the proportion of mutans streptococci after 2 and 4 weeks during consumption with fluoridated milk but the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In paper IV it was demonstrated that fluoridated milk significantly (p<0.05) could counteract the lactic acid formation in dental plaque as initiated with sucrose. In paper V, laser fluorescence technique was used to monitor the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel lesion formation in an experimental caries model. The results reinforced previous research and showed a hampering effect of fluoridated milk. No side effects were reported in any of the investigations. The findings of this thesis substantiate that milk is a suitable vehicle for fluoride administration and contribute to the understanding and possible explanations for the anti-caries properties of fluoridated milk. The main conclusions were: a) intake of fluoridated milk resulted in significantly elevated fluoride levels in saliva within the first 15 minutes and up to 4 hours in dental plaque when fluoridate milk was consumed together with meal, b) no significant alteration of the salivary microflora was disclosed after habitual intake of fluoridated milk but a delayed carbohydrate-mediated lactic acid formation in suspensions of dental plaque could be demonstrated, c) the fluoride concentrations in plaque were not negatively influence by the food intake, and d) the in vitro findings advocated that fluoride added to milk reduced enamel lesion formation as assessed by laser fluorescence technique in an experimental caries model.According to WHO, the addition of fluoride to milk could be considered as an alternative to water fluoridation for community-based caries prevention in childhood. School-based schemes in developing as well as industrial countries have demonstrated substantial benefits on oral health, but there are limited data available on the local events in the oral cavity after consumption of fluoridated milk. The general aim of the present investigations was to investigate the concentration of fluoride obtained in saliva and dental plaque after ingestion of Fmilk and to explore the possible effects on the oral ecology. A series of controlled studies were performed in vivo in which samples of saliva and dental plaque were collected and analysed with respect to fluoride content, microbial composition and acidogenicity. An in vitro study evaluated the effect on enamel lesion formation. In paper I, significantly increased concentrations of fluoride (p<0.05) were disclosed in saliva 15 minutes after drinking the fluoride-containing water or milk. In the plaque samples however, the F-increase remained significantly elevated still after 2 hours. The availability of fluoride from milk was generally somewhat lower than from water but the differences were not statistically significant in either plaque or saliva. In paper II, the fluoride concentration in plaque was further explored after a single intake or habitual consumption of fluoridated milk together with a regular meal. The results showed that cariesinhibiting levels of fluoride persisted up to 4 hours after intake. There were no significant differences between the single intakes when compared with repeated intakes. In paper III, the influence of fluoridated milk on the salivary microorganisms associated with dental caries was evaluated. No significant alterations of the microflora were found compared with baseline. There was a slight reduction in the proportion of mutans streptococci after 2 and 4 weeks during consumption with fluoridated milk but the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In paper IV it was demonstrated that fluoridated milk significantly (p<0.05) could counteract the lactic acid formation in dental plaque as initiated with sucrose. In paper V, laser fluorescence technique was used to monitor the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel lesion formation in an experimental caries model. The results reinforced previous research and showed a hampering effect of fluoridated milk. No side effects were reported in any of the investigations. The findings of this thesis substantiate that milk is a suitable vehicle for fluoride administration and contribute to the understanding and possible explanations for the anti-caries properties of fluoridated milk. The main conclusions were: a) intake of fluoridated milk resulted in significantly elevated fluoride levels in saliva within the first 15 minutes and up to 4 hours in dental plaque when fluoridate milk was consumed together with meal, b) no significant alteration of the salivary microflora was disclosed after habitual intake of fluoridated milk but a delayed carbohydrate-mediated lactic acid formation in suspensions of dental plaque could be demonstrated, c) the fluoride concentrations in plaque were not negatively influence by the food intake, and d) the in vitro findings advocated that fluoride added to milk reduced enamel lesion formation as assessed by laser fluorescence technique in an experimental caries model.
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| 10. |
- Engström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of enamel lesion formation by fluoridated milk assessed by laser fluorescence: an in vitro study.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 10:3, s. 249-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel lesion formation as assessed by laser fluorescence (LF). The material consisted of 18 extracted premolar teeth that were cut in mesial-distal direction and pairwise assigned to either test or control samples in an experimental caries model. The teeth were exposed to a low-pH 5% cellulose gel for 4 h, 5 days per week immediately followed by a 4-h period in either fluoridated (5 ppm, test) or nonfluoridated milk (control). In the meantime, the specimens were stored in pooled human-stimulated whole saliva in room temperature. All teeth were examined by visual inspection with a magnifying glass and by LF readings (DIAGNOdent) at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks. The baseline LF readings ranged from 3 to 7 with a mean value of 5.6+/-0.9. The mean values increased with time in both groups but the increase was more marked in the control teeth, 8.7+/-2.3 vs 12.8+/-3.3 after 4 weeks, this difference being statistically significant (p<0.01). The visual examination could not distinguish between the test or control samples after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The findings indicated that fluoride added to milk may to some extent counteract enamel lesion formation as assessed by LF in an experimental caries model.
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