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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Javed, Muhammad Shahzad, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of multi-annual renewable energy variability on the optimal sizing of off-grid systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It remains a significant technical and economic challenge to fully power large-scale grids with intermittent renewable energy (RE). Meanwhile, due to the rapid decrease in the cost of RE power generation technologies in recent years, the number of real-world implementations and studies dedicated to the optimal capacity sizing of renewable off-grid systems has increased. However, a common approach in the literature is to rely on typical single-year meteorological and demand data. A negative effect of this assumption is that it does not consider the RE inter-annual variability, which might cause blackouts or oversizing the system and large curtailments. This study employs 43 years of hourly solar, wind, and demand data, coupled with different microgrid configurations, to evaluate the impact of diverse simulation periods on the total system cost, optimal RE mix, and system reliability. Our findings indicate that extended simulation periods considerably increased renewable energy systems (RES) reliability and that the resulting configurations can be up to 94% more robust than those obtained using a single year of data. Additionally, the optimal energy storage requirements increased when considering longer simulation periods, indicating that short simulation periods could underestimate energy storage capacities in off-grid systems. The overestimations or underestimations resulting from optimizations based on single-year data directly affect the long-term sustainability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the RES.
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| 6. |
- Pahlevan, Nima, et al.
(författare)
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ACIX-Aqua : A global assessment of atmospheric correction methods for Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 over lakes, rivers, and coastal waters
- 2021
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric correction over inland and coastal waters is one of the major remaining challenges in aquatic remote sensing, often hindering the quantitative retrieval of biogeochemical variables and analysis of their spatial and temporal variability within aquatic environments. The Atmospheric Correction Intercomparison Exercise (ACIX-Aqua), a joint NASA - ESA activity, was initiated to enable a thorough evaluation of eight state-of-the-art atmospheric correction (AC) processors available for Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data processing. Over 1000 radiometric matchups from both freshwaters (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) and coastal waters were utilized to examine the quality of derived aquatic reflectances ((rho) over cap (w)). This dataset originated from two sources: Data gathered from the international scientific community (henceforth called Community Validation Database, CVD), which captured predominantly inland water observations, and the Ocean Color component of AERONET measurements (AERONET-OC), representing primarily coastal ocean environments. This volume of data permitted the evaluation of the AC processors individually (using all the matchups) and comparatively (across seven different Optical Water Types, OWTs) using common matchups. We found that the performance of the AC processors differed for CVD and AERONET-OC matchups, likely reflecting inherent variability in aquatic and atmospheric properties between the two datasets. For the former, the median errors in (rho) over cap (w)(560) and (rho) over cap (w)(664) were found to range from 20 to 30% for best-performing processors. Using the AERONET-OC matchups, our performance assessments showed that median errors within the 15-30% range in these spectral bands may be achieved. The largest uncertainties were associated with the blue bands (25 to 60%) for best-performing processors considering both CVD and AERONET-OC assessments. We further assessed uncertainty propagation to the downstream products such as near-surface concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chla) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Using satellite matchups from the CVD along with in situ Chla and TSS, we found that 20-30% uncertainties in (rho) over cap (w)(490 <= lambda <= 743 nm) yielded 25-70% uncertainties in derived Chla and TSS products for top-performing AC processors. We summarize our results using performance matrices guiding the satellite user community through the OWT-specific relative performance of AC processors. Our analysis stresses the need for better representation of aerosols, particularly absorbing ones, and improvements in corrections for sky- (or sun-) glint and adjacency effects, in order to achieve higher quality downstream products in freshwater and coastal ecosystems.
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