| 1. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring the conditions for PhD-students to develop abilities to independently formulate research questions
- 2015
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Developing an ability to independently formulate research questions is an important goal in doctoral education. During a seminar in the “Docent course”, accredited by Genombrottet at Lund University, the authors behind this paper ended up in a discussion on the actual conditions for developing such ability. During the discussions, the authors, based on their own experiences, identified several conditions that could hamper the PhD-students’ abilities to develop the skills required to independently formulate research questions. Examples of such conditions were: involvement in projects where objectives and deliverables already were stated by a funder, a lack of discussions with supervisors early in the PhD-process, and/or a lack of proper training. The authors also discussed if working with a compilation thesis automatically lead to contrived overall research questions, which resulted primarily as an afterthought at a very late stage in the process.
|
|
| 2. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Efterklokhet underminerar förmågan att avvärja terror
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Analyzes of the terrorist attack on Drottninggatan have begun to be published. The risk is now that the debate will be governed by the logic of hindsight, that politicians and the media will be on the stands, pointing out mistakes and demand responsibility. Such a climate jeopardizes in the long run the development of our ability to prevent terrorist attacks, write four security researchers.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bergström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
A Complexity Framework for Studying Disaster Response Management
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 1468-5973 .- 0966-0879. ; 24:3, s. 124-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guided by complexity theory, in this article, we argue that a complex understanding of disaster response management can be achieved by making multiple, transparent and modest interpretations. We suggest an analytical framework in which multiple system interpretations are constructed, all based on explicit analytical choices according to three aspects: (1) system dimension, (2) system scope and (3) system resolution. We apply the framework to a major Swedish forest fire and conclude that direction and coordination as system properties, emerging at a macro level, are the result of interplay between various patterns of influences. These patterns, we argue, can be constructed and analysed through a complexity framework allowing for the construction, and contrasting, of multiple system interpretations.
|
|
| 4. |
- Frykmer, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
On collective improvisation in crisis management – A scoping study analysis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 110, s. 100-109
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responding to crises requires the ability to meet the unforeseen and adapt to new conditions. The transboundary nature of crises with e.g. increased interconnectedness among critical infrastructures, involving more actors in response, will call for collective coordination. Collective improvisation can be a tool for handling challenges under these circumstances, however the research is limited and dispersed over disciplines. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the capability to improvise collectively in crisis management, and how it affects performance. To achieve this, we conducted a structured scoping study of improvisation in scientific literature and found that existing research is not sufficiently explained or detailed to fulfill our purpose. Our findings show that individual improvisation seems to be aggregated to a collective level without modifications, and existing methods lack in precision and transparency. Further, there is a need for a more nuanced discussion on improvisation and performance. Implications are that studies on collective improvisation risk measuring individual rather than collective improvisation, if based on existing literature. Moreover, the concept of improvisation is connected to mostly positive outcomes and assumed to have the same meaning for everyone. As a result, one should be careful when using the concept in practice, e.g. when using it as a causal explanation for successful performance, or when suggesting measures aimed at improving the capability to improvise collectively. To move forward, we suggest adopting collective problem solving as a broader analytical frame. Finally, we highlight some theories serving as a starting point for this investigation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Frykmer, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
Organised behaviour in the Swedish fire and rescue service - a case study
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organised behaviour in disaster can be distinguished by looking at the organisation's post disaster structure and tasks. While past research seemingly has taken a multi-organisational perspective we have used organised behaviour as analytical tool in a case study of the Swedish fire and rescue service to focus on analysing one organisation and sub organisations within this. We argue that different co-existing organised behaviour can affect the conditions for achieving direction and coordination among the resources within one organisation, and have identified challenges deriving from empirical data. Further, while we see how organised behaviour may be useful as analytical tool we distinguish two central issues; the difficulty in making transparent analytical choices when selecting objects of analysis and the shortcoming of not being able to find organised behaviour beyond the four categories.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindbom, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Capability assessments - How to make them useful for decision-making
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 31, s. 251-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Capability assessments are becoming increasingly common as part of risk management activities worldwide. Despite this, there is no consensus concerning how these assessments are best conducted and presented. Recent studies suggest that two factors may influence the usefulness of capability assessments for decision-making: namely, whether the assessment includes descriptions of the resources available to an actor, and how well this actor can accomplish specific tasks. The present study was carried out to investigate the importance of including information on these factors in capability assessments. The experimental study conducted involved four fictive versions of capability assessments, differing in whether they included information about resources and tasks. Over 200 risk management professionals rated how useful they perceived each version to be as the basis for decision-making. The results show that it is important to include specific information on resources and tasks in capability assessments, and that the assessments including both were most useful, from a decision-making perspective.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lindbom, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
How can the usefulness of capability assessments be improved?
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Capability assessments are used in disaster risk management to facilitate decision making regarding capability increasing measures. Recent studies suggest that two factors might determine their usefulness for decision making: whether they include descriptions of an actor's available resources, and how well the actor can accomplish a specific task in case of a disaster. The experimental study presented here aimed at investigating the extent to which these factors influence the perceived usefulness for decision making of four hypothetical capability assessments, differing in whether they contain information regarding the two factors. 89 participants from the Swedish fire and recue services were randomly assigned to rate the perceived usefulness of one of the four versions and the results show that the presence of both factors makes assessments more useful, and resources are especially important to include.
|
|
| 9. |
- Pettersson, Ulrica, P hD, et al.
(författare)
-
Who Commands Whom? : A Discussion on Bottom-up Behavior and its Consequencesin Military Influenced First Response Organizations
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rationale behind this paper is to explore and conceptualize the dynamics taking place when bottom-up influenced management meets top-down influenced management in spontaneous reactive first response operations. We employ an interdisciplinary approach based on theoretical perspectives from Systems science, Command & Control science, and Disaster sociology.In order to stimulate a discussion on theoretical gaps and practical challenges, a model illustrating what we call Command & Control dynamics in spontaneous reactive operations is suggested. The model is applied as a conceptual tool for analyzing the response of the Swedish Police to a terror attack in Stockholm 2017. Both primary data from interviews and secondary data from official investigations are utilized as a basis for the analysis.We then continue the analytical discussion regarding Command and Control dynamics, and suggest that spontaneous reactive operations give rise to quite different prerequisites for Command & Control compared to planned operations. There is a risk that both academic and practical discussions on how to improve capability do not acknowledge these differences.Spontaneous reactive operations are likely to initially generate strong bottom-up influences in the Command & Control arrangement of a single organization. Initial decision makers will make rapid decisions and generate a direction that the superior commanders, who are not present from the beginning of the operation, must adapt to. We argue that the intent of the subordinates “restrict” the solution space for commanders on higher levels. Furthermore, we argue that in a spontaneous reactive response there is no specific Commander’s Intent from the start, only a doctrine. This leads us to suggest that the idea on mission tactics in civil operations must be problematized.
|
|
| 10. |
- Uhr, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
An empirical study on approaches to ambiguity in emergency and disaster response decision-making
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of emergency management (Weston, Mass.). - : Weston Medical Publishing. - 1543-5865. ; 16:6, s. 355-363
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from previous research suggest that the ability to manage ambiguous problems during acute emergency and disaster management is a desirable quality among decision-makers. Ambiguity is a perception that arises when the problem-solver is dissatisfied with his or her understanding of the structure of the problem, and consequently of the problem-solving process. This article presents the results of an empirical study of ambiguity tolerance among Swedish fire commanders. Two different personality tests have been employed. The findings show that the sampled fire commanders are no more ambiguity tolerant than other individuals with no experience of emergency and disaster management; consequently, there appears to be no correlation between ambiguity tolerance and this professional role. Commanders who see themselves as practically oriented are more ambiguity tolerant than those who see themselves as academics. Increasing professional experience and age decreases the frequency of situations in which commanders experience some form of ambiguity. However, experience and age do not affect tolerance if ambiguity is perceived. No correlation between risk tolerance and ambiguity tolerance is found. More research needs to be conducted on how ambiguity tolerance affects performance among decision-makers during emergency and disaster responses.
|
|
