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| 2. |
- Batool, Atika, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Polyoxometalates-Ionic Liquids@Fe3O4@SiO2 composites for the extraction of atrazine and deltamethrin pesticides residues from food samples and their determination by HPLC
- 2024
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Ingår i: Microchemical journal (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0026-265X .- 1095-9149. ; 200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excessive use of pesticides in food production has adverse effects on both the environment and human health. In the present study, atrazine and deltamethrin were employed as pesticides in the cultivation of tomatoes, cucumbers, and brinjal. The HPLC method was utilized for thesimultaneous determination of these two pesticides, employing a cleanup approach based on polyoxometalates (POMs)ionic liquids magnetic nanocompositesCuILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2 and ZnILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2. These magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized and subjected to comprehensive characterization using various analytical techniques, including fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), UV–visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction(P-XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheology. Thedispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) method was effectively employed for the extraction of pesticidesresidues using CuILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2 and ZnILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2. Under the optimized conditions, the linear concentration ranges for atrazine and deltamethrin were found to be 0.01–100.0 µg/L and 0.05–100 µg/L, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) for both compounds was notably high at 0.997 and 0.994, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.01 µg/L to 0.05 µg/L, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) fell within the range of 5.1 % to 7.2 %. Ultimately, the method's performance in various food samples was assessed, resulting in satisfactory recoveries ranging from 80.9 % to 98.6 %.
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| 3. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 6. |
- Frostad, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Global Health. - 2214-109X. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km x 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2.1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205000 (95% uncertainty interval 147000-257000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Khan, Noman, et al.
(författare)
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Dysregulation of metalloproteins in ischemic heart disease patients with systolic dysfunction
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Metalloproteins have been linked to human health and diseases. The molecular functions of metalloproteins in IHD is not well understood and require further exploration. The objective of this study was to find out the role of metalloproteins in the pericardial fluid of IHD patients having normal (EF > 45) and impaired (EF < 45) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). IHD patients were grouped into two categories: LVEF<45 (n = 12) and LVEF >45 (n = 33). Pooled samples of pericardial fluid were fractionated by using ZOOM-isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by further processing using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) and filter-aided sample preparation (FASP). Tryptic peptides of each fraction and differential bands were then analyzed by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Protein identification was performed through a Mascot search engine using NCBI-Prot and SwissProt databases. A total of 1082 proteins including 154 metalloproteins were identified. In the differential bands, 60 metalloproteins were identified, while 115 metalloproteins were identified in all ZOOM-IEF fractions. Twelve differentially expressed metalloproteins were selected in the intense bands according to their molecular weight (MW) and isoelectric point (pI). The 12 differentially expressed metalloprotein includes ceruloplasmin, Prothrombin, Vitamin K-dependent protein, Fibulin-1, Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-6, nidogen, partial, Serum albumin, Hemopexin, C-reactive protein, Serum amyloid P-component, and Intelectin-1 protein which were all up-regulated while serotransferrin is the only metalloprotein that was down-regulated in impaired (LVEF<45) group. Among the metalloproteins, Zn-binding proteins are 36.5 % followed by Ca-binging 32.2 %, and Fe-binging 12.2 %. KEGG, pathway analysis revealed the association of ceruloplasmin and serotransferrin with the ferroptosis pathway. In conclusion, 154 metalloproteins were identified of them the Zn-binding protein followed by Ca-binding and Fe-binding proteins were the most abundant metalloproteins. The two metalloproteins, the Cu-binding protein ceruloplasmin, and Fe-binding protein serotransferrin are involved in the ferroptosis pathway, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that has been linked to cardiac pathology, especially in IHD patients having impaired systolic (LVEF<45) dysfunction. However, further research is required to validate these findings.
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| 8. |
- Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of knowledge and barriers of influenza vaccine uptake among university students in Saudi Arabia : a cross-sectional analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Influenza vaccine hesitancy is a significant threat to global maneuvers for reducing the burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza. This study estimated the vaccine uptake, barriers, and willingness for influenza vaccines among university students in Saudi Arabia. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health science (HS) and non-health science (NHS) university students. A 31-item questionnaire was used to ascertain the vaccination rate, barriers, and willingness for the flu vaccine. Results. This study included 790 students (mean age: 21.40 +/- 1.94 years), 246 (31.1%) from HS and 544 (68.9%) from NHS disciplines. About 70% did not take flu shots before the arrival of the winter. The mean knowledge score was 7.81 +/- 1.96, where 20.4%, 67.6%, and 12% of respondents had good, moderate, and poor knowledge regarding flu vaccines. The relative importance index (RII) analysis showed a lack of recommendation from physicians (51.5%, RI ranked: 1) was a top-ranked barrier to vaccine uptake, followed by negative perceptions and accessibility issues. Only 36.6% of the participants were willing to get vaccinated every year, 70% were willing to receive a vaccine on their doctor's recommendations, and 46% agreed to vaccinate if vaccines were freely available in the university. The knowledge, barriers, and willingness widely varied across students from two disciplines. Conclusions. Our analysis underscored low flu vaccine uptake among university students. In addition, the study participants' knowledge was unsatisfactory, and they were less inclined to receive the flu vaccine in the future. Lack of recommendation from the physicians, negative perceptions towards the flu vaccine, and difficult accessibility were found as significant barriers to the vaccine uptake. A multidimensional approach at educational institutes to cover the knowledge gap and address the barriers curtailing the vaccination rate among students is recommended.
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| 9. |
- Maqbool, Shazia, et al.
(författare)
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Construction and validation of ShaMaq developmental screening tool
- 2024
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Ingår i: Child Care Health and Development. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0305-1862 .- 1365-2214. ; 50:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe diagnosis of developmental delay and early intervention ameliorates long-term sequelae. There is a need for an appropriate, regionally adapted and reliable developmental screening tool to be used in low and middle-income countries with scarce resources.AimThe aim of this research is to construct and validate a screening tool for identifying developmental delay in Pakistani children.MethodShaMaq developmental screening tool (SDST) was developed consisting of five proformas to be administered at different age groups: 6-8 weeks (Group 1), 6-10 months (Group 2), 18-24 months (Group 3), 3-3.5 years (Group 4), and 4.5-5.5 years (Group 5). On an average, Groups 1-3 took 10-15 min, whereas Groups 4 and 5 took 20-25 min. We sampled children between the ages of 6 weeks to 5.5 years and tested them all within their designated age groups. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Interobserver testing was done for reliability and concurrent validity was undertaken by using the senior consultant developmental paediatrician's final diagnosis as the gold standard.ResultsOut of 550 healthy children, 8-19% in the five groups were found to have some form of developmental delay using SDST. Approximately 50% of the families were in the low-to-moderate income bracket, and nearly 93% lived in a joint family system. Internal consistency of items in the five groups ranged from 0.784 to 0.940, whereas both interobserver reliability and concurrent validity ranged from 0.737 to 1.0. SDST showed 94.4% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity.ConclusionSDST is an effective tool for identifying delay in healthy children with good internal consistency, reliability, and validity.
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| 10. |
- Nawaz, Muhammad Ul Saqlain, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient resource prediction framework for software-defined heterogeneous radio environmental infrastructures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 1474-0346. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) is defining the future of next-generation infrastructures as proactive and data-driven systems. AI-empowered radio systems are replacing the existing command and control radio networks due to their intelligence and capabilities to adapt to the radio environmental infrastructures that include intelligent networks, smart cities and AV/VR enabled factory premises or localities. An efficient resource prediction framework (ERPF) is proposed to provide proactive knowledge about the availability of radio resources in such software-defined heterogeneous radio environmental infrastructures (SD-HREIs). That prior information enables the coexistence of radio users in SD-HREIs. In a proposed framework, the radio activity is measured in both the unlicensed bands that include 2.4 and 5 GHz, respectively. The clustering algorithms k- means and DBSCAN are implemented to segregate the already measured radioactivity as signal (radio occupancy) and noise (radio opportunity). Machine learning techniques CNN and LRN are then trained and tested using the segregated data to predict the radio occupancy and radio opportunity in SD-HREIs. Finally, the performance of CNN and LRN is validated using the cross-validation metrics.
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