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- Höök, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Genotype dynamics of Campylobacter jejuni in a broiler flock
- 2005
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 106, s. 109-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the genotype diversity and dynamics of Campylobacter in a commercial broiler flock during rearing and slaughter. In total, 220 Campylobacter jejuni isolates collected on four sampling occasions during rearing and from routine sampling during slaughter were subtyped by SmaI macrorestriction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE. Eight different SmaI types were found. During rearing, a subsequent addition of genotypes occurred, with two SmaI types found at 2 weeks of age and six types on the day before slaughter. All types that were detected in more than one isolate were also found on all succeeding sampling occasions, including the slaughter sampling. Two new types were found in the slaughter samples. In twothirds of the individual birds sampled the day before slaughter, more than one SmaI type were found, although there was a clear tendency for dominance of one type in individual birds. Our results show that multiple genotypes of C. jejuni may be present in a commercial broiler flock during rearing and even in gastrointestinal tracts of individual birds. Both recurring environmental exposure and genetic changes within the population may explain the genotype diversity. Although the distribution of genotypes varied between different sampling occasions, we found no indication that any subtype excluded another during the rearing of the broiler flock.
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- Jansson Mörk, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between dairy cow disease incidence in data registered by farmers and in data from a disease-recording system based on veterinary reporting
- 2009
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Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 88, s. 298-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has a national disease-recording system based on veterinary reporting. From this system, all cattle-disease records are transferred to the dairy industry cattle database (DDD) where they are used for several purposes including research and dairy-health statistics. Our objective was to evaluate the completeness of this data source by comparing it with disease data registered by dairy farmers. The proportion of veterinary-treated disease events was estimated, by diagnosis. Disease incidence in the DDD was compared, by diagnosis and age, with disease data registered by the farmers. Comparison was made, by diagnosis, for (i) all disease events and (ii) those reported as veterinary-treated. Disease events, defined as ‘‘observed deviations in health, from the normal’’ were recorded by the farmers during January, April, July and October 2004. For the diagnoses calving problems, peripartum disorders, puerperal paresis and retained placenta, incidence proportions (IP) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. For all other disease problems, incidence rates (IR) were used. In total, 177 farmers reported at least 1 month and 148 reported all 4months. Fifty-four percent of all disease events in the farmers’ data were reported as veterinary-treated. For several of the most common diagnoses, the IRs and IPs for all events were significantly higher in farmers’ data than in the DDD. Examples are, in cows: clinical mastitis, cough, gastro-intestinal disorders and lameness in hoof and limb; and in young stock: cough and gastro-intestinal disorders. For veterinary-treated events only, significant differences with higher IR in the farmers’ data were found in young stock for sporadic cough and sporadic gastro-intestinal disorders. The diagnosis ‘‘other disorders’’ had significantly more events in the DDD than in farmers’ data, i.e. veterinarians tended to choose more unspecific diagnoses than the farmers. This result indicates that the true completeness is likely to be higher than our estimate. We conclude that for the time period studied there was differential under-reporting associated with the diagnosis, the age of the animal and whether the herd was served by a state-employed or private veterinarian
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| 5. |
- Jansson Mörk, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Which cows are veterinary treated for mastitis, and when? – a multilevel analysis
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate what herd- and cow characteristics affect whether a cow receive veterinary treatment for clinical mastitis. Mastitis events were reported by farmers during January, April, July and October 2004 and only data from herds with ≥4 mastitis events were considered (746 events from 87 herds). We fitted a two-level logistic model (herd and cow) with the dependent variable “veterinary treatment” (yes/no) using log likelihood estimation in Stata. The final model was also estimated using the second-order penalized quasi-likelihood (restricted iterative generalised square algorithm) and the Markov-chain Monte Carlo procedures in MLwiN. The median number of events per herd was 9 (range 4-50) and the median proportion of veterinary treated events per herd was 0.9 (range 0-1). The estimates and standard errors were reasonably similar in all estimation procedures. There were higher odds for veterinary treatment early in lactation and if there was another animal with a disease event on the same day. Events in January had higher odds for veterinary treatment than events in July and October. Also, the odds for veterinary treatment increased with increasing herd-average milk yield. The herd-level variance accounted for 63% of the total residual variance. In conclusion, the differences found could potentially affect the internal validity in studies based on farmers’ reports or veterinary records
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| 6. |
- Nöremark, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Disease awareness, information retrieval and change in biosecurity routines among pig farmers in association with the first PRRS outbreak in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 90, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaching farmers with information is important when eradicating outbreaks of contagious diseases, the actions they take related to contacts and biosecurity, as well as early notification of disease can have a significant effect on limiting the spread of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate Swedish pig farmers' disease awareness, information retrieval and if they change their biosecurity routines during an outbreak of an exotic infectious disease, using the experience from the first outbreak of PRRS in Sweden in 2007. Data were collected through a questionnaire to 153 farmers. Our findings indicate that written information which was sent to all farmers was not sufficient. Herd size, as an indicator for the type of farmer, was significantly associated with awareness. Farmers with medium or large herds were more aware there had been an outbreak (OR 32.3, p = 0.001), of the means of spread and the signs of disease, and they were more active in information search compared to farmers with small herds. Closeness to the outbreak was important for motivating farmers to actively search for information. The results from this study could be useful when planning information campaigns during future outbreaks and when modelling disease outbreaks. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Vågsholm, Ivar
(författare)
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Scientific Opinion on Analytical sensitivity of approved TSE rapid tests
- 2009
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Ingår i: EFSA Journal. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Community Reference Laboratory (CRL) for TSEs studied the analytical sensitivity for all the currently approved TSE rapid tests in order to produce robust analytical sensitivity data and evaluate each test against the same sample sets for the three main types of ruminant TSE: BSE, Classical scrapie and Atypical scrapie. This opinion provides a scientific evaluation of the CRL analytical sensitivity study, based on the requirements as set in the current EFSA protocols for the evaluation of TSE rapid post mortem tests. It is concluded that the CRL study findings provide valuable information in determining the continued suitability of tests currently used for TSE monitoring in the EU. Conclusions on the performance of the approved rapid tests within the CRL study are included. On these bases a number of tests cannot be recommended for use for the monitoring of BSE in cattle and TSE in small ruminants in the EU. Finally, the BIOHAZ Panel recommends that a similar study should be conducted with other types of TSE in cattle and small ruminants
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