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- Razis, E., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the management of carcinomatous meningitis from breast cancer globally: a study by the Breast International Group Brain Metastasis Task Force
- 2022
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is a severe complication of breast cancer. The Breast International Group (BIG) carried out a survey to describe the approach to CM internationally. Patients and methods: A questionnaire on the management of CM was developed by the Brain Metastases Task Force of BIG and distributed to its groups, requesting one answer per group site. Results: A total of 241 sites responded, 119 from Europe, 9 from North America, 39 from Central/South America, 58 from Asia, and 16 in Australia/New Zealand, with 24.5% being general hospitals with oncology units, 44.4% university hospitals, 22.4% oncology centers, and 8.7% private hospitals. About 56.0% of sites reported seeing <5 cases annually with 60.6% reporting no increase in the number of cases of CM recently. Nearly 63.1% of sites investigate for CM when a patient has symptoms or radiological evidence, while 33.2% investigate only for symptoms. For diagnosis, 71.8% of sites required a positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology, while magnetic resonance imaging findings were sufficient in 23.7% of sites. Roughly 97.1% of sites treat CM and 51.9% also refer patients to palliative care. Intrathecal therapy is used in 41.9% of sites, mainly with methotrexate (74.3%). As many as 20 centers have a national registry for patients with breast cancer with central nervous system metastases and of those 5 have one for CM. Most (90.9%) centers would be interested in participating in a registry as well as in studies for CM, the latter preferably (62.1%) breast cancer subtype specific. Conclusions: This is the first study to map out the approach to CM from breast cancer globally. Although guidelines with level 1 evidence are lacking, there is a high degree of homogeneity in the approach to CM globally and great interest for conducting studies in this area.
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- Båth, Petra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Lipidic cubic phase serial femtosecond crystallography structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section D-Structural Biology. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 2059-7983. ; 78, s. 698-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serial crystallography is a rapidly growing method that can yield structural insights from microcrystals that were previously considered to be too small to be useful in conventional X-ray crystallography. Here, conditions for growing microcrystals of the photosynthetic reaction centre of Blastochloris viridis within a lipidic cubic phase (LCP) crystallization matrix that employ a seeding protocol utilizing detergent-grown crystals with a different crystal packing are described. LCP microcrystals diffracted to 2.25 angstrom resolution when exposed to XFEL radiation, which is an improvement of 0.15 angstrom over previous microcrystal forms. Ubiquinone was incorporated into the LCP crystallization media and the resulting electron density within the mobile Q(B) pocket is comparable to that of other cofactors within the structure. As such, LCP microcrystallization conditions will facilitate time-resolved diffraction studies of electron-transfer reactions to the mobile quinone, potentially allowing the observation of structural changes associated with the two electron-transfer reactions leading to complete reduction of the ubiquinone ligand.
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- Fitzgerald, M., et al.
(författare)
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Toroidal Alfven eigenmode stability in JET internal transport barrier afterglow experiments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we use reduced and perturbative models to examine the stability of toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) during the internal transport barrier (ITB) afterglow in JET experiments designed for the observation of alpha driven TAEs. We demonstrate that in JET-like conditions, it is sufficient to use an incompressible cold plasma model for the TAE to reproduce the experimental adiabatic features such as frequency and position. When ion cyclotron resonant heating (ICRH) is used to destabilize TAEs, the core-localised modes that are predicted to be most strongly driven by minority ICRH fast ions correspond to the modes observed in the DD experiments, and conversely, modes that are predicted to not be driven are not observed. Linear damping rates due to a variety of mechanisms acting during the afterglow are calculated, with important contributions coming from the neutral beam and radiative damping. For DT equivalent extrapolations of discharges without ICRH heating, we find that for the majority of modes, alpha drive is not sufficient to overcome radiative damping.
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- Mendieta, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Review : Bio-polyethylene from Wood Wastes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Polymers and the Environment. - : Springer New York LLC. - 1566-2543 .- 1572-8919. ; 28:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a global trend of substitution of fossil fuels for renewable energy sources, which are preferred by reasons including sustainability, reduction of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, regional and social systems advancement, among others. This review is part of the studies carried out on the integral use of wood industrial wastes due to its low costs and high availability. A possible high-value product is ethylene, obtained by catalytic dehydration of second-generation bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials and which can be an effective alternative for the production of polymers such as polyethylene (PE), which is conventionally obtained from petroleum. Biobased polyethylene or biopolyethylene (BioPE) may potentially contribute to close a pine biorefinery scheme to obtain high-value products, using processes of low pollution and contributing to the global environmental balance. The process involves the following stages: pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation, dehydration, and polymerization. This review includes the different processes for second generation (2G) bioethylene productions from pine wastes as an example and the technologies that can potentially be applied on an industrial scale for BioPE production, focusing on the catalytic dehydration of 2G bioethanol through the use of catalysts able to achieve high ethanol conversions and ethylene selectivity.
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