| 1. |
- Cherian, Sam, et al.
(författare)
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Phytoremediation of Trace element Contaminated Environments and the Potential of Endophytic Bacteria for Improving this Process
- 2012
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in environmental science and technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1064-3389 .- 1547-6537. ; 42:21, s. 2215-2260
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trace elements (heavy metals and metalloids) are among the most widespread contaminants that pose serious threat to all living organisms. Plant and microbial-assisted remediation holds great promise for in situ remediation of trace element contaminated environments. An extended knowledge of plant processes generally involved in the uptake, translocation, storage and detoxification of contaminants, and plant-microbe interactions were essential in developing improved technologies for environmental clean up. Currently, with the initiation of transgenic technologies, great strides have been made in trace element phytoremediation research. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of how plants cope with trace elements and discuss the development of transgenic plants with improved trace element remediation capabilities. In addition, this review also addresses the recent progress made towards understanding the plant-microbe interactions, especially of endophytic bacteria (natural and genetically engineered), and their contribution in improving the efficiency and versatility of trace element phytoremediation.
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| 2. |
- Kumpiene, Jurate, et al.
(författare)
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Selecting chemical and ecotoxicological test batteries for risk assessment of trace element-contaminated soils (phyto)managed by gentle remediation options (GRO)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 496, s. 510-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past decades a number of field trials with gentle remediation options (GRO) have been established on trace element (TE) contaminated sites throughout Europe. Each research group selects different methods to assess the remediation success making it difficult to compare efficacy between various sites and treatments. This study aimed at selecting a minimum risk assessment battery combining chemical and ecotoxicological assays for assessing and comparing the effectiveness of GRO implemented in seven European case studies. Two test batteries were pre-selected; a chemical one for quantifying TE exposure in untreated soils and GRO-managed soils and a biological one for characterizing soil functionality and ecotoxicity. Soil samples from field studies representing one of the main GROs (phytoextraction in Belgium, Sweden, Germany and Switzerland, aided phytoextraction in France, and aided phytostabilization or in situ stabilization/phytoexclusion in Poland, France and Austria) were collected and assessed using the selected test batteries. The best correlations were obtained between NH4NO3-extractable, followed by NaNO3-extractable TE and the ecotoxicological responses. Biometrical parameters and biomarkers of dwarf beans were the most responsive indicators for the soil treatments and changes in soil TE exposures. Plant growth was inhibited at the higher extractable TE concentrations, while plant stress enzyme activities increased with the higher TE extractability. Based on these results, a minimum risk assessment battery to compare/biomonitor the sites phytomanaged by GROs might consist of the NH4NO3 extraction and the bean Plantox test including the stress enzyme activities.
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