| 1. |
- Albadalejo Lijarcio, Juan Luis, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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Substrate-Less Vertical Chip-to-Waveguide Transition for W-Band Array Antenna Integration
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 17TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, EUCAP. - 2164-3342. - 9788831299077
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a vertical transition from a high permittivity GaAs MMIC to rectangular waveguide using bondwires as a coupling structure. The transition is advantageous for the direct integration of any off-the-shelf chip into a waveguide antenna since no modification of the GSG-pad or additional substrate is needed. An EBG structure consisting of pins is used for the packaging of the chip in order to avoid field propagation in undesired directions. The simulations results show that the reflection coefficient is lower than -10 dB and the average insertion loss is better than 0.5 dB from around 87 to 101 GHz (14% relative bandwidth).
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| 2. |
- Auriacombe, Olivier, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Dual-Polarised Radiometer for Road Surface Characterisation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-6892 .- 1866-6906. ; 43:1-2, s. 108-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents measurements using a dual-polarised radiometer operating at 93 GHz to detect ice or water on asphalt in laboratory conditions. The brightness temperatures of both H and V polarizations were measured for a dry surface, liquid water, and ice on asphalt at observation angles of 50° and 56°. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the studied road conditions can be identified by the radiometer. The measurements are compared with a model and surface parameters, such as dielectric constant and roughness are fitted and compared to reference values. The experiments and results, described in this article, are the first steps towards the future installation of a polarimetric sensor on a moving vehicle for traffic safety.
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| 3. |
- Auriacombe, Olivier, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Oil, water, and ice detection on road surfaces with a millimeter-wave radiometer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 11533
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passive radiometers are well-known instruments used in the characterization of soil, sea surfaces and remote sensing of the earth atmosphere with satellites or airplanes. The instrument described in this article is a dual-polarised superheterodyne radiometer operating around 93 GHz. It is placed on a structure to measure road surface conditions (ice, water or oil) in a laboratory-controlled environment. This radiometer measures the reflected and emitted radiations from the road surface (asphalt and concrete) and the background temperature, in two orthogonal polarizations (H and V). The difference in the dielectric properties of the ice, oil and water from dry road surface allows to distinguish them efficiently. This kind of technique can be used for road surface recognition in all weather conditions and does not require presence of daylight or other sources of illumination. In this paper, calibration procedures and radiometric characterisations of the radiometer are studied in order to select the best and simpler method to operate the radiometer. It was found that calibrating the radiometer with only one blackbody target or using a table of gain and system noise temperature is sufficiently accurate over a long time to be able to distinguish dry from ice or water covered surfaces. The laboratory results are showing a high difference in the brightness temperature between road surface covered with ice, water or oil and the dry road surface. No ambiguities between those conditions exist but potential limitations could rise, for example if the road surface roughness changes during a measurement. Those promising results validate the potential of using radiometer for road safety and the automotive industry. The presented laboratory measurements are the first step towards the implementation of the instrument into a moving vehicle for alerting drivers ahead of unforeseen dangers. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
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| 4. |
- Auriacombe, Olivier, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Road Surface Characterization Using a Radiometer at 100 GHz
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, IRMMW-THz. - 2162-2027 .- 2162-2035. ; 2020-November, s. 136-137
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dual polarization super-heterodyne radiometer operating between 85 and 100 GHz has been developed and used for surface characterization. The instrument can detect changes from dry to icy road in many environmental conditions (night, fog, rain) by measuring the combination of reflected/transmitted radiation from the surface at two orthogonal polarizations. The difference in brightness temperature between those polarizations is an accurate tool to distinguish ice from dry road surfaces. Results from measurement of dry asphalt and ice layers on asphalt are presented in this paper.
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| 5. |
- Bao, M. Q., et al.
(författare)
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G-band Power Amplifiers in 130 nm InP Technology
- 2021
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Ingår i: EuMIC 2020 - 2020 15th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference. ; , s. 85-88
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two G-band three-stage power amplifiers (PA), a Darlington PA and a stacked PA, are designed and manufactured in 130 nm InP HBT Technology. The stacked PA shows a 70 GHz bandwidth of S21 (from 140 GHz to 210 GHz) with a peak S21 gain of 30 dB. It has a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 40%. While the Darlington PA demonstrates a 90 GHz bandwidth of S21 (from 130 GHz to 220 GHz) with a peak S21 gain of 20 dB, the FBW of the Darlington PA is 51% which is highest among the G-band PAs. Furthermore, the Darlington PA has a saturated output power, Psat, of 9.6 dBm at 150 GHz, and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 14.7% with a 55 mW de power consumption. The stacked PA has a Psat of 13.4 dBm at 150 GHz, and a PAE of 17.3% with a 108 mW dc power consumption. To authors' knowledge, the stacked PA has the highest PAE among the D/G-band PAs published in the literature.
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| 6. |
- Beuerle, Bernhard, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating InP MMICs and Silicon Micromachined Waveguides for sub-THz Systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 44:10, s. 1800-1803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel co-designed transition from InP monolithic microwave integrated circuits to silicon micromachined waveguides is presented. The transition couples a microstrip line to a substrate waveguide sitting on top of a vertical waveguide. The silicon part of the transition consists of a top and a bottom chip, fabricated in a very low-loss silicon micromachined waveguide technology using silicon on insulator wafers. The transition has been designed, fabricated and characterized for 220-330 GHz in a back-to-back configuration. Measured insertion loss is 3-6 dB at 250-300 GHz, and return loss is in excess of 5 dB.
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| 7. |
- Farjana, Sadia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Multilayer Dry Film Photoresist Fabrication of a Robust >100 GHz Gap Waveguide Slot Array Antenna
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536 .- 2169-3536. ; 11, s. 43630-43638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the first use of a multilayer dry film photoresist to fabricate a slot array antenna by micromachining. The proposed fabrication process demonstrates a straightforward and fast method of realizing antenna structures and delicate features with very high accuracy above 100 GHz. The slot array antenna design is based on gap waveguide technology. The designed antenna consists of two layers: a slot layer and a feed layer with a transition to measuring waveguide. The antenna contains structures that require a multiple level dry film fabrication process with thicknesses ranging from 80 μm to 400 μm with ± 10 μm tolerance. The fabricated antenna shows good accuracy. To make the fabricated antenna layers conductive, the fabricated polymer antenna was coated with Ti and Au. The input reflection coefficient was measured to be below – 11 dB over a 10% bandwidth from 136-148 GHz, and the antenna gain was measured to be 11.4 dBi at 142 GHz, both of which are in fair agreement with simulations. A thermal cycling test has been conducted on the fabricated antenna and the results show insignificant degradation at least up to 300 cycles in the temperature range –50 °C to 135 °C which is the typical temperature gradient range for many practical outdoor wireless applications.
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| 8. |
- Hassona, Ahmed Adel, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Compact Low-Loss Chip-to-Waveguide and Chip-to-Chip Packaging Concept Using EBG Structures
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. - 1558-1764 .- 1531-1309. ; 31:1, s. 9-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter presents a novel approach for packaging millimeter-wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) circuits. The proposed technique relies on using an on-chip coupling structure that couples the signal to a quarter-wavelength cavity, which in turn couples to either a waveguide (WG) or another chip. The solution also uses a periodic electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure that controls the electromagnetic wave and prevents field leakage in undesired directions. The proposed solution is fabricated and demonstrated at the D-band (110-170 GHz), and the measurement results show that it achieves a minimum insertion loss of 0.8 and a 3-dB bandwidth extending from 124 to 161 GHz. The proposed approach does not require any galvanic contacts and can be used for packaging integrated circuits in WG modules as well as for chip-to-chip communication.
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| 9. |
- Hassona, Ahmed Adel, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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D-band waveguide-to-microstrip transition implemented in eWLB packaging technology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 56:4, s. 187-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Letter presents a non-galvanic D-band (110-170 GHz) interconnect realised in embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) packaging technology. The interconnect consists of a patch-radiator-based waveguide transition implemented using one of the technology's redistribution layers. The patch radiates to a WR-6.5 standard waveguide perpendicular to its plane. An electromagnetic band-gap structure realised by metal patches is used to suppress undesired modes and improve the performance of the transition. The proposed solution is experimentally verified, and measurement results show that the transition exhibits an average insertion loss of 2 dB across the frequency range 122-146 GHz which, to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the lowest reported loss for a D-band packaging solution in eWLB technology and hence addresses one of the main integration challenges facing millimetre-wave systems.
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| 10. |
- Hassona, Ahmed Adel, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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G-band Frequency Converters in 130-nm InP DHBT Technology
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2020 50th European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2020. ; , s. 1027-1030
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design and characterisation of a two G-band (140 - 220 GHz) fundamental mixers. The mixers are implemented in a 130-nm indium phosphide (InP) double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. First, a passive double balanced topology was investigated using a diode ring with balanced RF and LO ports. The mixer operates in both upconversion and downconversion modes. In order to reduce the power requirement on the local oscillator (LO) at G-band, the diodes were dc biased. Measurement results show that the mixer has an average conversion loss of 12.4 and 14 dB for upconversion and downconversion modes respectively and covers the frequency range extending from 180 to 194 GHz. The mixer exhibits an LO-RF isolation of 21 dB and requires an LO power of +2 dBm. An upconverting transconductance mixer topology was also investigated using the same technology. Measurement results show that the mixer has an average conversion gain of 1 dB over the frequency range of 171 to 220 GHz. The mixer operates as an upconverter and requires a low LO power of only -4 dBm.
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