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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Esteban-Cornejo, I, et al.
(författare)
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Objectively Measured Physical Activity During Physical Education and School Recess and Their Associations With Academic Performance in Youth: The UP&DOWN Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of physical activity & health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-5474 .- 1543-3080. ; 14:4, s. 275-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the associations of objectively measured physical activity in Physical Education and recess with academic performance in youth.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,780 participants aged 6 to 18 years (863 girls). Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry and was also classified according to sex- and agespecific quartiles of physical activity intensities. Academic performance was assessed through school records.Results:Physical activity in physical education (PE) and recess was not associated with academic performance (β ranging from –0.038 to –0.003; all P > .05). Youth in the lowest quartile of physical activity in PE engaged in an average of 1.40 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and those in the highest quartile engaged in 21.60 min (for recess: lowest quartile, 2.20 min; highest quartile, 11.15 min). There were no differences in academic performance between quartiles of physical activity in Physical Education and recess.Conclusions:Time spent at different physical activity intensities during PE and recess does not impair academic performance in youth.
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- Lee, Man K. S., et al.
(författare)
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Glycolysis Is Required for LPS-Induced Activation and Adhesion of Human CD14(+)CD16(-) Monocytes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monocytes in humans consist of 3 subsets; CD14(+)CD16(-) (classical), CD14(+)CD16(+) (intermediate) and CD14(dim)CD16+ (non-classical), which exhibit distinct and heterogeneous responses to activation. During acute inflammation CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes are significantly elevated and migrate to the sites of injury via the adhesion cascade. The field of immunometabolism has begun to elucidate the importance of the engagement of specific metabolic pathways in immune cell function. Yet, little is known about monocyte metabolism and the role of metabolism in mediating monocyte activation and adherence to vessels. Accordingly, we aimed to determine whether manipulating the metabolism of CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes alters their ability to become activated and adhere. We discovered that LPS stimulation increased the rate of glycolysis in human CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-D-glucose blunted LPS-induced activation and adhesion of monocytes. Mechanistically, we found that increased glycolysis was regulated by mTOR-induced glucose transporter (GLUT)- 1. Furthermore, enhanced glycolysis increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of p38 MAPK, which lead to activation and adhesion of monocytes. These findings reveal that glycolytic metabolism is critical for the activation of CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes and contributes to our understanding of the interplay between metabolic substrate preference and immune cell function.
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- Lubin, Jay H., et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid Cancer Following Childhood Low-Dose Radiation Exposure : A Pooled Analysis of Nine Cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 102:7, s. 2575-2583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The increased use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that involve radiation raises concerns about radiation effects, particularly in children and the radiosensitive thyroid gland.Objectives: Evaluation of relative risk (RR) trends for thyroid radiation doses <0.2 gray (Gy); evidence of a threshold dose; and possible modifiers of the dose-response, e.g., sex, age at exposure, time since exposure.Design and Setting: Pooled data from nine cohort studies of childhood external radiation exposure and thyroid cancer with individualized dose estimates, ≥1000 irradiated subjects or ≥10 thyroid cancer cases, with data limited to individuals receiving doses <0.2 Gy.Participants: Cohorts included the following: childhood cancer survivors (n = 2); children treated for benign diseases (n = 6); and children who survived the atomic bombings in Japan (n = 1). There were 252 cases and 2,588,559 person-years in irradiated individuals and 142 cases and 1,865,957 person-years in nonirradiated individuals.Intervention: There were no interventions.Main Outcome Measure: Incident thyroid cancers.Results: For both <0.2 and <0.1 Gy, RRs increased with thyroid dose (P < 0.01), without significant departure from linearity (P = 0.77 and P = 0.66, respectively). Estimates of threshold dose ranged from 0.0 to 0.03 Gy, with an upper 95% confidence bound of 0.04 Gy. The increasing dose–response trend persisted >45 years after exposure, was greater at younger age at exposure and younger attained age, and was similar by sex and number of treatments.Conclusions: Our analyses reaffirmed linearity of the dose response as the most plausible relationship for “as low as reasonably achievable” assessments for pediatric low-dose radiation-associated thyroid cancer risk.
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- Mann, J., et al.
(författare)
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Complex terrain experiments in the New European Wind Atlas
- 2017
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions. Series A. - : The Royal Society. - 1364-503X .- 1471-2962. ; 375:2091, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The New European Wind Atlas project will create a freely accessible wind atlas covering Europe and Turkey, develop the model chain to create the atlas and perform a series of experiments on flow in many different kinds of complex terrain to validate the models. This paper describes the experiments of which some are nearly completed while others are in the planning stage. All experiments focus on the flow properties that are relevant for wind turbines, so the main focus is the mean flow and the turbulence at heights between 40 and 300 m. Also extreme winds, wind shear and veer, and diurnal and seasonal variations of the wind are of interest. Common to all the experiments is the use of Doppler lidar systems to supplement and in some cases replace completely meteorological towers. Many of the lidars will be equipped with scan heads that will allow for arbitrary scan patterns by several synchronized systems. Two pilot experiments, one in Portugal and one in Germany, show the value of using multiple synchronized, scanning lidar, both in terms of the accuracy of the measurements and the atmospheric physical processes that can be studied. The experimental data will be used for validation of atmospheric flow models and will by the end of the project be freely available. This article is part of the themed issue 'Wind energy in complex terrains'.
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- Orejas, C, et al.
(författare)
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Cold-water corals in aquaria: advances and challenges. A focus on the Mediterranean
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Past, Present and Future. - : Springer. - 2213-719X. - 9783319916071
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge on basic biological functions of organisms is essential to understand not only the role they play in the ecosystems but also to manage and protect their populations. The study of biological processes, such as growth, reproduction and physiology, which can be approached in situ or by collecting exemplars and rearing them in aquaria, is particularly challenging for deep-sea organisms such as cold-water corals (CWCs). Present experimental work and monitoring of deep-sea populations is still a chimera. Only a handful of research institutes or companies have been able to install in situ marine observatories in the Mediterranean Sea or elsewhere, which facilitate for a continuous monitoring of deep-sea ecosystems. Hence, today’s best way to obtain basic biological information on these organisms is (1) working with collected samples and analysing them post-mortem and / or (2) cultivating corals in aquaria in order to monitor biological processes and investigate coral behaviour and physiological responses under different experimental treatments. The first challenging aspect is the collection process, which implies the use of oceanographic research vessels in most occasions, since these organisms inhabit areas between ca. 150 m to more than 1,000 m depth, and specific sampling gears. The next challenge is the maintenance of the animals on board (in situations where cruises may take weeks) and their transport to home laboratories. Maintenance in the home labs is also extremely challenging since special conditions and set ups are needed to conduct experimental studies to obtain information on the biological processes of these animals. The complexity of the natural environment from which the corals were collected cannot be exactly replicated within the laboratory setting; a fact which has led some researchers to question the validity of work and conclusions drawn from such undertakings. It is evident that aquaria experiments cannot perfectly reflect the real environmental and trophic conditions where these organisms occur, but: (1) in most cases we do not have the possibility to obtain equivalent in situ information and (2) even with limitations, they produce relevant information about 117 the biological limits of the species, which is especially valuable when considering potential future climate change scenarios. This chapter includes many contributions from different authors and it intends to be both, a practical “handbook” for conducting CWC aquaria work, while at the same time, to offer an overview on the CWC research conducted in Mediterranean labs equipped with aquaria infrastructure. Experiences from Atlantic and Pacific laboratories with extensive experience with CWC work have also contributed to this chapter, as their procedures are valuable to any researcher interested in conducting experimental work with CWC in aquaria. It was impossible to include contributions from all labs in the world currently working experimentally with CWCs in the laboratory, but at the conclusion of the chapter we attempt, to our best of our knowledge, to supply a list of laboratories with operational CWC aquaria facilities.
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| 8. |
- Silva, M, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmodium falciparum K13 expression associated with parasite clearance during artemisinin-based combination therapy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 74:7, s. 1890-1893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Delayed parasite clearance and, consequently, reduced efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies have been linked with Plasmodium falciparum K13 gene SNPs in Southeast Asia. In Africa, significantly prolonged clearance has not yet been observed and the presently restricted variation in parasite clearance cannot be explained by K13 polymorphisms.OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to study the in vivo pfK13 transcriptional response in patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine and explore whether the pfk13 transcripts can explain the patients' parasite clearance outcomes.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 47 Tanzanian children with microscopically confirmed uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were hospitalized and received artemether-lumefantrine treatment (clinical trial ID: NCT00336375). RNA was extracted from venous blood samples collected before treatment initiation and at five more timepoints after treatment. cDNA was synthesized and pfk13 transcripts measured by real-time PCR.RESULTS: A wide range of pfk13 transcript variation was observed throughout all timepoints after artemether-lumefantrine treatment. Taking parasite clearance data together with the pfk13 transcripts profile, we observed a negative correlation inferring that pfk13 down-regulation is associated with longer parasite clearance time.CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that a reduced PfK13 transcriptional response may represent a first step towards artemisinin tolerance/resistance.
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