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- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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- Borg, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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An Industry 4.0 Training Framework Addressing ‘COVID-19 Type’ Disruptions on Manufacturing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Digital Manufacturing Technology. - : Universal Wiser Publisher Pte. Ltd. - 2810-9309 .- 2810-9317.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although digitization in the manufacturing industry has been going on for some years, the recent COVID-19 pandemic helped reveal a number of bottlenecks and challenges that still need to be overcome. Joint ongoing research by a number of European Universities aimed at developing a systematic training framework on Industry 4.0 happened to be performed in the midst of the pandemic. COVID-19 meant that suddenly, internal and external workers of different educational backgrounds and in different roles had to rapidly adapt to new working procedures and environments whilst learning to use new technologies. This disruption helped this research group to generate specifications of a Higher Education Industry 4.0 Training Framework (HEI4.0) that is relevant to foster skills and competencies that make manufacturing more resilient to other possible scenarios requiring social distancing limitations. This paper outlines the details of the research performed and contributes the concept and value of establishing what is termed as the ‘flow-cognitive profile chart’ of a manufacturing organization to effectively help it in its transition towards digital manufacturing. Based on this concept, the paper passes on to prescribe a HEI4.0 Training Framework intended to guide manufacturing organizations in addressing ‘COVID-19 type’ manufacturing disruptions that can take place in other future unforeseen circumstances.
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- Manzano-Nunez, Ramiro, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes and management approaches of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta based on the income of countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-7922. ; 15:57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Author(s). Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) could provide a survival benefit to severely injured patients as it may improve their initial ability to survive the hemorrhagic shock. Although the evidence supporting the use of REBOA is not conclusive, its use has expanded worldwide. We aim to compare the management approaches and clinical outcomes of trauma patients treated with REBOA according to the countries' income based on the World Bank Country and Lending Groups. Methods: We used data from the AORTA (USA) and the ABOTrauma (multinational) registries. Patients were stratified into two groups: (1) high-income countries (HICs) and (2) low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Propensity score matching extracted 1:1 matched pairs of subjects who were from an LMIC or a HIC based on age, gender, the presence of pupillary response on admission, impeding hypotension (SBP ≤ 80), trauma mechanism, ISS, the necessity of CPR on arrival, the location of REBOA insertion (emergency room or operating room) and the amount of PRBCs transfused in the first 24 h. Logistic regression (LR) was used to examine the association of LMICs and mortality. Results: A total of 817 trauma patients from 14 countries were included. Blind percutaneous approach and surgical cutdown were the preferred means of femoral cannulation in HICs and LIMCs, respectively. Patients from LMICs had a significantly higher occurrence of MODS and respiratory failure. LR showed no differences in mortality for LMICs when compared to HICs; neither in the non-matched cohort (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.36-1.09; p = 0.1) nor in the matched cohort (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 0.63-3,33; p = 0.3). Conclusion: There is considerable variation in the management practices of REBOA and the outcomes associated with this intervention between HICs and LMICs. Although we found significant differences in multiorgan and respiratory failure rates, there were no differences in the risk-adjusted odds of mortality between the groups analyzed. Trauma surgeons practicing REBOA around the world should joint efforts to standardize the practice of this endovascular technology worldwide.
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- Nieuwenhuijse, David F., et al.
(författare)
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Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020, The Author(s). The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
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- Rust, Niki, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Causes and Solutions to Soil Degradation in the UK and Norway
- 2022
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Ingår i: Land. - : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. - 2073-445X. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil quality is declining in many parts of the world, with implications for the productivity, resilience and sustainability of agri-food systems. Research suggests multiple causes of soil degradation with no single solution and a divided stakeholder opinion on how to manage this problem. However, creating socially acceptable and effective policies to halt soil degradation requires engagement with a diverse range of stakeholders who possess different and complementary knowledge, experiences and perspectives. To understand how British and Norwegian agricultural stakeholders perceived the causes of and solutions to soil degradation, we used Q-methodology with 114 respondents, including farmers, scientists and agricultural advisers. For the UK, respondents thought the causes were due to loss of soil structure, soil erosion, compaction and loss of organic matter; the perceived solutions were to develop more collaborative research between researchers and farmers, invest in training, improve trust between farmers and regulatory agencies, and reduce soil compaction. In Norway, respondents thought soils were degrading due to soil erosion, monocultures and loss of soil structure; they believed the solutions were to reduce compaction, increase rotation and invest in agricultural training. There was an overarching theme related to industrialised agriculture being responsible for declining soil quality in both countries. We highlight potential areas for land use policy development in Norway and the UK, including multi-actor approaches that may improve the social acceptance of these policies. This study also illustrates how Q-methodology may be used to co-produce stakeholder-driven policy options to address land degradation.
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