| 1. |
- Damsgaard, Camilla T, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-Grain Intake, Reflected by Dietary Records and Biomarkers, Is Inversely Associated with Circulating Insulin and Other Cardiometabolic Markers in 8- to 11-Year-Old Children.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 147:5, s. 816-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Whole-grain consumption seems to be cardioprotective in adults, but evidence in children is limited.Objective: We investigated whether intakes of total whole grain and dietary fiber as well as specific whole grains were associated with fat mass and cardiometabolic risk profile in children.Methods: We collected cross-sectional data on parental education, puberty, diet by 7-d records, and physical activity by accelerometry and measured anthropometry, fat mass index by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood pressure in 713 Danish children aged 8-11 y. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, insulin, and glucose. Linear mixed models included puberty, parental education, physical activity, and intakes of energy, fruit and vegetables, saturated fat, and n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids.Results: Median (IQR) whole-grain and dietary fiber intakes were 52 g/d (35-72 g/d) and 17 g/d (14-22 g/d), respectively. Fourteen percent of children were overweight or obese and most had low-risk cardiometabolic profiles. Dietary whole-grain and fiber intakes were not associated with fat mass index but were inversely associated with serum insulin [both P
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| 2. |
- Dihm, Katharina, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of benzoxazinoids and their metabolites in Nordic breads
- 2017
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 235, s. 7-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benzoxazinoids (Bx) and their metabolites are molecules with suggested health effects in humans, found in cereal grains and consequently in cereal foods. However, to date little is known about the amount of Bx in our diet. In this study, deuterated standards 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA-d4) and 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (HHPAA-d4) were synthesized, to allow quantification of nine Bx and their metabolites in 30 breads and flours from Nordic countries by UHPLC-MS/MS. Samples containing rye had larger amounts of Bx (143–3560 µg/g DM) than the ones containing wheat (11–449 µg/g DM). More Bx were found in whole grain wheat (57–449 µg/g DM) compared to refined wheat (11–92 µg/g DM) breads. Finnish sourdough rye breads were notably high in their 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (HHPAA) concentration (40–48 µg/g DM). This new information on Bx content in flours and breads available in the Nordic countries will be useful for future work on determining dietary exposure to Bx.
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| 3. |
- Hoppe, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Intake and sources of gluten in 20- to 75-year-old Danish adults: a national dietary survey
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215 .- 1435-1293. ; 56:1, s. 107-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Celiac disease, an immunological response triggered by gluten, affects ~1 % of the Western population. Information concerning gluten intake in the general population is scarce. We determined intake of gluten from wheat, barley, rye and oat in the Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity 2005–2008. The study population comprised a random cross-sectional sample of 1494 adults 20–75 years, selected from the Danish Civil Registration System. Methods: Protein content in wheat, rye, barley and oat was determined from the National Danish Food Composition Table and multiplied with the amount of cereal used in recipes. Amount of gluten was calculated as amount of cereal protein ×0.80 for wheat and oat, ×0.65 for rye and ×0.50 for barley. Dietary intake was recorded daily during seven consecutive days in pre-coded food diaries with open-answer possibilities. Results: Mean total gluten intake was 10.4 ± 4.4 g/day (10th–90th percentiles; 5.4–16.2 g/day), in men 12.0 ± 4.6 g/day and 9.0 ± 3.4 g/day in women. It was higher among men than among women in all age groups (20–75 years; P
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| 4. |
- Savolainen, Otto, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes development-Can metabolomics improve on existing biomarkers?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim was to determine if metabolomics could be used to build a predictive model for type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk that would improve prediction of T2D over current risk markers. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics was used in a nested casecontrol study based on a screening sample of 64-year-old Caucasian women (n = 629). Candidate metabolic markers of T2D were identified in plasma obtained at baseline and the power to predict diabetes was tested in 69 incident cases occurring during 5.5 years followup. The metabolomics results were used as a standalone prediction model and in combination with established T2D predictive biomarkers for building eight T2D prediction models that were compared with each other based on their sensitivity and selectivity for predicting T2D. Established markers of T2D (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance (HOMA), smoking, serum adiponectin)) alone, and in combination with metabolomics had the largest areas under the curve (AUC) (0.794 (95% confidence interval [0.738-0.850]) and 0.808 [0.749-0.867] respectively), with the standalone metabolomics model based on nine fasting plasma markers having a lower predictive power (0.657 [0.577-0.736]). Prediction based on non-blood based measures was 0.638 [0.565-0.711]). Established measures of T2D risk remain the best predictor of T2D risk in this population. Additional markers detected using metabolomics are likely related to these measures as they did not enhance the overall prediction in a combined model.
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| 5. |
- Savolainen, Otto, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers of food intake and nutrient status are associated with glucose tolerance status and development of Type 2 diabetes
- 2017
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. ; 31:S1, s. 655.4-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND Diet is frequently associated with both the development and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but there are a lack of objective tools for assessing the causal relationships between diet and T2D. Biomarkers of dietary intake could help strengthen the link between a healthy diet and prevention of diabetes.OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore how diet is related to glucose tolerance status (GTS) and future development of T2D irrespective of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors, using dietary biomarkers as an objective measure of dietary intake unconfounded by recall and reporting bias.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Dietary biomarkers were measured in plasma from 64-year old women with different glucose tolerance classifications (normal glucose tolerance; NGT (n=190), impaired glucose tolerance; IGT (n=209), and diabetes (n=230)), randomly selected from the population register in Gothenburg, Sweden. The same subjects were followed up after 5 years to determine changes in glucose tolerance (NGT (n=167), IGT (n=174) and diabetes (n=159)). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for significant measures of MetS was used to explore baseline data for associations between dietary biomarkers, GTS and new T2D cases at follow up (n=69).RESULTS After adjustment for MetS risk factors, alpha-tocopherol, alkylresorcinols C17 and C19 (markers of whole grain wheat and rye), b-alanine (meat), eicosapentaenoic acid (fish) and linoleic acid were associated with GTS and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) (fish) and alpha-tocopherol with future development of T2D.CONCLUSIONS Several dietary biomarkers were strongly associated with GTS irrespective of MetS factors, underlining the role of diet in development and prevention of T2D. The use of multiple dietary biomarkers can provide a link with diet that is unencumbered by recall bias normally associated with dietary studies and allows examination of the role of diet even when dietary information is not available.
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| 6. |
- Savolainen, Otto, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers of food intake and nutrient status are associated with glucose tolerance status and development of type 2 diabetes in older Swedish women
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 106:5, s. 1302-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diet is frequently associated with both the development and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a lack of objective tools for assessing the relation between diet and T2D. Biomarkers of dietary intake are unconfounded by recall and reporting bias, and using multiple dietary biomarkers could help strengthen the link between a healthy diet and the prevention of T2D. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how diet is related to glucose tolerance status (GTS) and to future development of T2D irrespective of common T2D and cardiovascular disease risk factors by using multiple dietary biomarkers. Design: Dietary biomarkers were measured in plasma from 64-yold Swedish women with different GTS [normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 190), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 209), and diabetes (n = 230)]. The same subjects were followed up after 5 y to determine changes in glucose tolerance (n = 167 for NGT, n = 174 for IGT, and n = 159 for diabetes). ANCOVA and logistic regression were used to explore baseline data for associations between dietary biomarkers, GTS, and new T2D cases at follow-up (n = 69). Results: Of the 10 dietary biomarkers analyzed, beta-alanine (beef) (P-raw, 0.001), alkylresorcinols C17 and C19 (whole-grain wheat and rye) (P-raw = 0.003 and 0.011), eicosapentaenoic acid (fish) (P-raw = 0.041), 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) (fish) (P-raw = 0.002), linoleic acid (P-raw, 0.001), oleic acid (P-raw = 0.003), and alpha-tocopherol (margarine and vegetable oil) (P-raw, 0.001) were associated with GTS, and CMPF (fish) (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.93; P-raw = 0.013) and alpha-tocopherol (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.98; P-raw = 0.041) were inversely associated with future T2D development. Conclusions: Several circulating dietary biomarkers were strongly associated with GTS after correction for known T2D risk factors, underlining the role of diet in the development and prevention of T2D. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use multiple dietary biomarkers to investigate the link between diet and disease risk.
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| 7. |
- Vendelbo Lind, Mads, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Higher intake of fish and fat is associated with lower plasma s-adenosylhomocysteine: a cross-sectional study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 46, s. 78-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several B-vitamins act as co-factors in one-carbon metabolism, a pathway that plays a central role in several chronic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge of how diet affects markers in one-carbon metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore dietary patterns and components associated with one-carbon metabolites. We hypothesized that intake of whole-grains and fish would be associated with lower Hcy, and higher SAM:SAH ratio due to their nutrient content. We assessed dietary information using a four-day dietary record in 118 men and women with features of the metabolic syndrome. In addition we assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition and plasma alkylresorcinols. Plasma s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B12 was included as one-carbon metabolism markers. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to explore dietary patterns and multiple linear regression models to examine associations between dietary factors and one-carbon metabolites. PCA separated subjects based on prudent and unhealthy dietary patterns, but the dietary pattern score was not related to the one-carbon metabolites. Whole grain intake was found to be inversely associated to plasma Hcy (?4.7% (?9.3; 0.0), P =.05) and total grain intake tended to be positively associated with SAM and SAH (2.4% (?0.5; 5.5), P =.08; 5.8% (?0.2; 12.1), P =.06, respectively, per SD increase in cereal intake). Fish intake was inversely associated with plasma Hcy and SAH concentrations (?5.4% (?9.7; ?0.8), P =.02 and ?7.0% (?12.1; ?1.5), P =.01, respectively) and positively associated with the SAM:SAH ratio (6.2% (1.6; 11.0), P =.008). In conclusion, intake and fish and whole-grain appear to be associated with a beneficial one-carbon metabolism profile. This indicates that dietary components could play a role in regulation of one-carbon metabolism with a potential impact on disease prevention.
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| 8. |
- VINCENT, ANDREW, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Herring and chicken/pork meals lead to differences in plasma levels of TCA intermediates and arginine metabolites in overweight and obese men and women
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 61:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: What effect does replacing chicken or pork with herring as the main dietary source of protein have on the human plasma metabolome? Method and results: A randomised crossover trial with 15 healthy obese men and women (age 24-70 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to four weeks of herring diet or a reference diet of chicken and lean pork, five meals per week, followed by a washout and the other intervention arm. Fasting blood serum metabolites were analysed at 0, 2 and 4 weeks for eleven subjects with available samples, using GC-MS based metabolomics. The herring diet decreased plasma citrate, fumarate, isocitrate, glycolate, oxalate, agmatine and methyhistidine and increased asparagine, ornithine, glutamine and the hexosamine glucosamine. Modelling found that the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate, and arginine metabolism were affected by the intervention. The effect on arginine metabolism was supported by an increase in blood nitric oxide in males on the herring diet. Conclusion: The results suggest that eating herring instead of chicken and lean pork leads to important metabolic effects, particularly on energy and amino acid metabolism. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are metabolic effects of herring intake unrelated to the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content.
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