| 1. |
- Fortin, Marc-André, et al.
(author)
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Polyethylene glycol-cover ultra-small Gd2O3 nanoparticles for positive contras at 1.5 T magnetic resonance clinical scanning
- 2007
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In: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 18:39, s. 395501-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The size distribution and magnetic properties of ultra-small gadolinium oxide crystals (US-Gd2O3) were studied, and the impact of polyethylene glycol capping on the relaxivity constants (r1, r2) and signal intensity with this contrast agent was investigated. Size distribution and magnetic properties of US-Gd2O3 nanocrystals were measured with a TEM and PPMS magnetometer. For relaxation studies, diethylene glycol (DEG)-capped US-Gd2O3 nanocrystals were reacted with PEG-silane (MW 5000). Suspensions were adequately dialyzed in water to eliminate traces of Gd3+ and surfactants. The particle hydrodynamic radius was measured with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the proton relaxation times were measured with a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Parallel studies were performed with DEG–Gd2O3 and PEG-silane–SPGO (Gd2O3,< 40 nm diameter). The small and narrow size distribution of US-Gd2O3 was confirmed with TEM (~3 nm) and DLS. PEG-silane–US-Gd2O3 relaxation parameters were twice as high as for Gd–DTPA and the r2/r1 ratio was 1.4. PEG-silane–SPGO gave low r1 relaxivities and high r2/r1 ratios, less compatible with positive contrast agent requirements. Higher r1 were obtained with PEG-silane in comparison to DEG–Gd2O3. Treatment of DEG–US-Gd2O3 with PEG-silane provides enhanced relaxivity while preventing aggregation of the oxide cores. This study confirms that PEG-covered Gd2O3 nanoparticles can be used for positively contrasted MR applications requiring stability, biocompatible coatings and nanocrystal functionalization.
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| 2. |
- Söderlind, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Colloidal synthesis and characterization of ultrasmall perovskite GdFeO3 nanocrystals
- 2008
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In: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 19:8, s. 085608-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Synthesis of very small (about 4 nm) perovskite structured gadolinium orthoferrite nanoparticles (GdFeO3) was performed by the polyol method. The material shows promising relaxivity properties and potential as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. The perovskite nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, magnetic resonance, and magnetization measurements. Upon heating in air at 800 °C for 3 h the size of the crystals increased to about 40 nm. The crystalline structure of the heat treated compound is in good agreement with perovskite GdFeO3 as the primary product. Contributions from various secondary phases were also identified, including one hitherto unknown phase with the suggested composition 'Gd3FeO6' and isostructural with Gd3GaO6. The novel 'Gd3FeO6' phase appears to be kinetically stabilized in the nano state.
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