| 1. |
- Visakh, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose nanofibres and cellulose nanowhiskers based natural rubber composites: Diffusion, sorption, and permeation of aromatic organic solvents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 124:2, s. 1614-1623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the transport behavior of three aromatic organic solvents, viz. benzene, toluene, and p-xylene in natural rubber nanocomposite membranes containing cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) isolated from bamboo pulp. The solvent molecules act as molecular probes to study the diffusion, sorption, and permeation through the nanocomposites, and provide information on the nanocomposite structure and matrix-filler interactions. Both the nanocelluloses were found to decrease the uptake of aromatic solvents in nanocomposite membranes, but the effect was more significant in the case on nanofibers compared to nanowhiskers. Furthermore, the uptake decreased with increased penetrant size; being the highest for benzene and the lowest for p-xylene. Transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient, sorption coefficient, and permeation coefficient have been calculated. Comparison of the experimental values of equilibrium solvent uptake with the predicted values indicated that both the nanocelluloses have restricted the molecular mobility at the interphase and thereby decreased the transport of solvents through the materials; being more significant for nanofibers. The results showed that both the used cellulosic nanomaterials act as functional additives capable of manipulating and tailoring the transport of organic solvents through elastomeric membranes, even at concentrations as low as 2.5 wt %.
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| 2. |
- Visakh, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Crosslinked natural rubber nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose whiskers isolated from bamboo waste: Processing and mechanical/thermal properties
- 2012
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Ingår i: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-835X .- 1878-5840. ; 43:4, s. 735-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crosslinked natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites were prepared using cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) that were extracted from bamboo pulp residue of newspaper production, as the reinforcing phase. The coagulated NR latex containing bamboo nanowhiskers (master batch) was compounded with solid NR and vulcanizing agents using a two-roll mill and subsequently cured to introduce crosslinks in the NR phase. No evidence of micro-scaled aggregates of cellulose nanowhiskers in NR matrix was observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The addition of CNWs had a positive impact on the tensile strength, E-modulus, storage modulus, tan delta peak position and thermal stability of the crosslinked NR. Theoretical modeling of the mechanical properties showed a lower performance than predicated and therefore further process optimization and/or compatibilization are required to reach the maximum potential of these nanocomposites.
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