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- Lindner, Jan Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Moving beyond land use intensity types: assessing biodiversity impacts using fuzzy thinking
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 26:7, s. 1338-1356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The impact of land use on biodiversity is a topic that has received considerable attention in life cycle assessment (LCA). The methodology to assess biodiversity in LCA has been improved in the past decades. This paper contributes to this progress by building on the concept of conditions for maintained biodiversity. It describes the theory for the development of mathematical functions representing the impact of land uses and management practices on biodiversity. Methods: The method proposed here describes the impact of land use on biodiversity as a decrease in biodiversity potential, capturing the impact of management practices. The method can be applied with weighting between regions, such as ecoregions. The biodiversity potential is calculated through functions that describe not only parameters which are relevant to biodiversity, for example, deadwood in a forest, but also the relationships between those parameters. For example, maximum biodiversity would hypothetically occur when the nutrient balance is ideal and no pesticide is applied. As these relationships may not be readily quantified, we propose the use of fuzzy thinking for biodiversity assessment, using AND/OR operators. The method allows the inclusion of context parameters that represent neither the management nor the land use practice being investigated, but are nevertheless relevant to biodiversity. The parameters and relationships can be defined by either literature or expert interviews. We give recommendations on how to create the biodiversity potential functions by providing the reader with a set of questions that can help build the functions and find the relationship between parameters. Results and discussion: We present a simplified case study of paper production in the Scandinavian and Russian Taiga to demonstrate the applicability of the method. We apply the method to two scenarios, one representing an intensive forestry practice, and another representing lower intensity forestry management. The results communicate the differences between the two scenarios quantitatively, but more importantly, are able to provide guidance on improved management. We discuss the advantages of this condition-based approach compared to pre-defined intensity classes. The potential drawbacks of defining potential functions from industry-derived studies are pointed out. This method also provides a less strict approach to a reference situation, consequently allowing the adequate assessment of cases in which the most beneficial biodiversity state is achieved through management practices. Conclusions: The originality of using fuzzy thinking is that it enables land use management practices to be accounted for in LCA without requiring sub-categories for different intensities to be explicitly established, thus moving beyond the classification of land use practices. The proposed method is another LCIA step toward closing the gap between land use management practices and biodiversity conservation goals.
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| 2. |
- Vitolo Coelho, Carla Regina, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative life cycle assessment of cross-processing herring side streams with fruit pomace or seaweed into a stable food protein ingredient
- 2022
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Ingår i: Future Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-8335. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One approach to improve the sustainability of food processing is the recovery of valuable compounds from food industry's side streams. In this study a life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to quantify the potential environmental impacts of cross-processing herring side streams with different antioxidant-rich biomasses, so-called helpers, for the extraction of a protein ingredient that is stable against lipid oxidation. New primary experimental data was combined with literature values to model cross-processing of herring with different helpers, namely, lingonberry pomace, apple pomace, and brown and green seaweed. Different addition ratios and delayed addition of the pomace were also assessed for cross-processing herring with lingonberry pomace. The environmental performance of the resulting protein ingredients were assessed on a mass and delivered protein basis. Potential environmental impacts for climate change, energy consumption, land occupation, and depletion of marine resources were addressed. No ingredient performed better in all environmental impact categories, but delaying the helper addition had the most significant influence in reducing the product's environmental impacts. This study's outcomes enable analysts to direct research towards the most relevant parameters for producing a protein ingredient with lower environmental impact.
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| 3. |
- Vitolo Coelho, Carla Regina, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Fish beyond fillets: Life cycle assessment of cross-processing herring and lingonberry co-products into a food product
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The food industry generates side streams that can be used as sources of valuable compounds. We carried out a life cycle assessment of a protein ingredient obtained by pH-shift processing co-products of herring (Clupea harengus) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) pomace. The assessment was based on a combination of primary and literature data to assess climate change, cumulative energy demand, land occupation, and depleted stock fraction impacts of marine resources. We analyzed the environmental profile of the fish protein ingredient on its own and as a consumable fish ball preparation. The potential impacts of the protein ingredient fish ball were compared with a benchmark fish ball and with salmon fillets. The results were generally favorable for the protein ingredient fish ball produced via cross-processing herring co-products and lingonberry pomace. This analysis supports the idea of further investment in cross-processing food sidestreams into a protein ingredient for food products.
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| 4. |
- Vitolo Coelho, Carla Regina, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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From lab to plate: life cycle assessment of herring and lingonberry co-product valorization
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Food industry side streams can be a source of valuable raw materials, e.g., high-quality proteins from fish filleting co-products, and natural antioxidants from fruit pomace. pH-shifting is a food processing technique that allows the solubilization and extraction of proteins. Cross-processing fish co-products and a helper (e.g., lingonberry pomace), inhibits lipid oxidation during processing. We carried out a life cycle assessment of a pH-shift method for cross-processing herring heads and back bones with lingonberry pomace (CROSS). We modeled the resulting protein ingredient as input to a fish ball and compared that with a benchmark fish ball. We upscaled primary laboratory data for the cross-process following Piccinno et al. (2016). Life cycle inventory data for salmon production was based on Winther et al. (2020), including feed composed of agricultural, micro-ingredients, and 14 different fish species. We also included fishery discards following Pérez Roda (2019). Among other impact indicators we used the depleted stock fraction proposed by Hélias et al. (2018) to characterize impacts on marine resources. Fish balls produced with the cross-processed protein ingredient perform better than the benchmark option in all investigated categories. Using oils extracted during cross-processing in the fish ball formulation could reduce land use impacts of the final product and improve its nutritional profile.
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