| 1. |
- Accomando, E., et al.
(författare)
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Physics with e + e - linear colliders
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - 0370-1573. ; 299:1, s. 1-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physics potential of e + e - linear colliders is summarized in this report. These machines are planned to operate in the first phase at a center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV, before being scaled up to about 1 TeV. In the second phase of the operation, a final energy of about 2 TeV is expected. The machines will allow us to perform precision tests of the heavy particles in the Standard Model, the top quark and the electroweak bosons. They are ideal facilities for exploring the properties of Higgs particles, in particular in the intermediate mass range. New vector bosons and novel matter particles in extended gauge theories can be searched for and studied thoroughly. The machines provide unique opportunities for the discovery of particles in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, the spectrum of Higgs particles, the supersymmetric partners of the electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons, and of the matter particles. High precision analyses of their properties and interactions will allow for extrapolations to energy scales close to the Planck scale where gravity becomes significant. In alternative scenarios, i.e. compositeness models, novel matter particles and interactions can be discovered and investigated in the energy range above the existing colliders up to the TeV scale. Whatever scenario is realized in Nature, the discovery potential of e + e - linear colliders and the high precision with which the properties of particles and their interactions can be analyzed, define an exciting physics program complementary to hadron machines.
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| 2. |
- Frey, H U, et al.
(författare)
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Freja and ground-based analysis of inverted-V events
- 1998
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS. - 0148-0227. ; 103:A3, s. 4303-4314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During two campaigns, ground-based auroral observations were performed in coordination with Freja. The high temporal and spatial resolution of the satellite instruments as well as the real-time recording with a stereoscopic camera system from the ground enabled detailed comparison of small- and large-scale optical phenomena with particle and field data measured by the satellite. Three passes of the satellite over inverted-V auroral arcs and over precipitation regions with strong field-aligned electron spectra are investigated. Brightness modulations within auroral arcs coincide with modulations of primary electron fluxes. The dynamics of small-scale structures within arcs as well as the proper motion of arcs are analyzed and compared with electric fields measured by the satellite and with BARS radar measurements. Energy fluxes independently determined from the ground and from the satellite are used to calculate the field-aligned conductance. The results agree with predictions of the kinetic theory of the mirror force, if we allow for variations of the density and thermal energy of the electrons in the source region of the magnetosphere. Detailed comparison of electron spectra and electric and magnetic field perturbations provide evidence of different acceleration mechanisms for the electrons, electrostatic acceleration inside inverted-V's, and wave acceleration in transient regions.
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