| 1. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Will the truth set them free? Suspects’ strategies during investigative interviews
- 2006
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Ingår i: ”3rd meeting of the Nordic Network of research on Psychology and Law” (Turku, Finland).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on both investigative interviewing and deception detection has largely overlooked the investigation of guilty and innocent suspects’ strategies when being interviewed. In this study, mock suspects (N = 96) were interviewed by trained interviewers about a mock crime. The lying suspects had committed a mock crime (a theft), whereas the truth-tellers had not. In an extensive post-interview questionnaire, the suspects answered both closed- and open-ended questions. The analytic focus was set on differences between truth-tellers and liars, and statistical tests showed several significant differences: lying suspects experienced the interviews more cognitively demanding than truth-telling suspects; liars had planned the verbal content more, and were less satisfied with their strategy than truth-tellers. Analyses revealed that lying suspects to a higher degree than innocent suspects applied strategies in order to appear truthful. The open-ended answers were subjected to content analyses. Differences between liars and truth-tellers were found for a number of items, such as reasons for not having a strategy and in the strategy chosen. Lying suspects reported diverse strategies (most often avoid lying and telling the truth as much as possible), whereas truth-telling suspects reported the strategy to tell the truth like it had happened, indicating a belief in the visibility of innocence. Furthermore, differences were found for what the suspects did in order to make the statement appear reliable, and if there was anything in the statements that signalled truth and deception, respectively. Both theoretical – the psychology of guilt and innocence – and applied aspects of the findings are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting deception
- 2005
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Ingår i: Brewer, N. & Williams, K. D. (eds). Psychology & Law: An empirical perspective. - New York : Guilford Press. - 1593851227 ; , s. 43-92
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter we examine some of the latest research findings and explore what scientific psychology can tell us about the detection of deception. We focus mainly on research that has been conducted within the framework of psychology and law. First, we define deception and provide an overview of of the different lines of research found within the field. Then we explore the underlying core beliefs that people hold about the cues to deception. Next we focus on people ability to detect deception, and review research on the accuracy of the most commonly used lie detection methods (i.e., speech, physiological, and behavioural analysis). We then turn to objective cues to deception, differentiating the verbal and non-verbal cues that are, to some extent, diagnostic of deception from those that are not. Fi-nally, we examine attempts made to train people to detect deception.
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| 3. |
- Hartwig, Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting Deception Via Strategic Disclosure of Evidence
- 2005
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Ingår i: Law and human behavior. ; 29:4, s. 469-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deception detection research has largely neglected an important aspect of many investigations, namely that there often exists evidence against a suspect. This study examined the potentials of timing of evidence disclosure as a deception de-tection tool. The main prediction was that observers (N = 116) would obtain higher accuracy rates if the evidence against the suspects (N = 58) was presented in a late rather than early stage of the interrogation. This prediction was based on the idea that late evidence disclosure would trigger lack of consistencies be-tween the liars stories and the evidence, this could be used as a cue to deception. The main prediction received support. Late disclosure observers obtained an overall accuracy of 61.7%, compared to 42.9% of Early disclosure observers. De-ceptive statements were identified with high accuracy (67.6%) in Late disclosure, indicating that the technique in this form is beneficial mainly for pinpointing lies.
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| 4. |
- Uil, Taco G, et al.
(författare)
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A lentiviral vector-based adenovirus fiber-pseudotyping approach for expedited functional assessment of candidate retargeted fibers.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The journal of gene medicine. - : Wiley. - 1521-2254 .- 1099-498X. ; 11:11, s. 990-1004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many studies aimed at retargeting adenovirus (Ad) rationally focus on genetic modification of fiber, which is the primary receptor-binding protein of Ad. Retargeted fibers ultimately require functional validation in the viral context. METHODS: Lentiviral vectors (LV) were used to express fiber variants in cells. Infections with a fiber gene-deleted Ad vector yielded fiber-pseudotyped viruses. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot-based assays probed target binding-ability of retargeted fibers. Differential treatments with an alkylating agent prior to western blot analysis allowed for examination of intra- and extracellular redox states of fibers. RESULTS: In the present study, LV-based fiber-pseudotyping of Ad is presented as an accelerated means to test new fibers. LV-mediated gene transfer yielded stable and uniform populations of fiber variant-expressing cells. These populations were found to effectively support fiber-pseudotyping of Ad. As a secondary objective of the study, we functionally assessed a chimeric fiber harboring a tumor antigen-directed single-chain antibody fragment (scFv). This fiber was shown to trimerize and achieve a degree of binding to its antigenic target. However, its capsid incorporation ability was impaired and, moreover, it was unable to confer a detectable level of target binding upon Ad. Importantly, subsequent analyses of this fiber revealed the improper folding of its scFv constituent. CONCLUSIONS: LV-based fiber-pseudotyping was established as a convenient method for testing modified fibers for functionality within Ad particles. Furthermore, a new chimeric fiber was found to be inadequate for Ad retargeting. The folding difficulties encountered for this particular fiber might be generally inherent to the use (i.e. for genetic Ad capsid incorporation) of complex, disulfide bridge-containing natural ligands.
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| 5. |
- Vrij, A, et al.
(författare)
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Interviewing to detect deception in suspects.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Offenders' memories of violent crimes Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.S. Å. Christianson (Ed.). - England : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 279-304
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter gives an overview of people’s ability to detect deception. It also discusses the relation between different interview/interrogation methods and deception detection accur
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