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- Kasiuliene, Alfreda, et al.
(författare)
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Accumulation of heavy metals in forest dwarf shrubs and dominant mosses as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Elementology. - Olsztyn : Polish Society for Magnesium Research. - 1644-2296. ; 24:3, s. 1079-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the environmental concerns about heavy metal accumulation in dominant forest mosses and dwarf shrubs. Samples of two different species of mosses, such as glittering wood moss (Hylocomium splendens) and feathermoss (Pleurozium schreberi), and two species of dwarf shrubs, that is European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), were collected from specifically chosen areas with evident anthropogenic pollution (vicinity of an airport and close to heavy road traffic) and from contamination-free, secluded forest areas in Lithuania and Sweden. Instrumental analysis of heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc, revealed that the selected plant species tend to accumulate zinc and copper the most and chromium the least. Forest mosses, used as indicators of airborne pollution, accumulated less heavy metals than dwarf shrubs, indicating more metal accumulation from the soil. The results also revealed that forest, dwarf shrub leaves even picked from areas with known anthropogenic pollution sources were safe to use. since concentrations of cadmium and lead remained below the maximum permissible level. A multivariate data analysis model with two principle components explained more than 70% of the data variation. The heavy metal content in soil was the most distinctive factor separating the Lithuanian and Swedish sites. Cadmium and chromium soil contents were more significant in the Lithuanian soils, whereas copper, lead, and zinc were more significant in the Swedish soils.
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| 3. |
- Waara, Sylvia, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of landfill leachate in a constructed free water surface wetland system over a decade – Identification of disturbance in process behaviour and removal of eutrophying substances and organic material
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - London, UK : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An 8 ha free water surface wetland system in Orebro, Sweden, which has sediment traps followed by 10 ponds for treatment of landfill leachate in the methanogenic stage, was studied from 2003 to 2012. The wetland was irregularly loaded and the leachate characteristics showed high temporal and spatial variability, so Multivariate Statistical Process Control was chosen as the diagnostic tool for detecting anomalies prior to assessing removal efficiency for eutrophying substances and organics. Disturbances in process behaviour included those due to intermittent flow, dilution due to snowmelt, an episode of high pollutant load, and sampling technique. The wetland total nitrogen mass removal was 89%, resulting in a first order rate coefficient of 1.7 m/year. Total phosphorus mass removal was 98%, while mass reduction was lower for TOC (60%), although this was still below discharge limits. The low amount of labile organic material and phosphate are probably the main reasons for the low denitrification rate. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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