| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
- Björklund, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Facts and Myths in the Popular Debateabout Inequality in Sweden
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents a critical assessment of the public debate on income and wealth inequality in Sweden. We scrutinize ten often-heard claims in the debate by contrasting them against facts in available databases and results in the research literature. The paper also addressesspecific measurement problems in the Swedish income statistics and suggests possible ways to handle them.
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| 3. |
- Björklund, Anders, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Fördelningsdebatten inför valet 2022– centrala frågor och försök till svar
- 2022
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In: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 50:3, s. 5-18
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Frågor om inkomst- och förmögenhetsskillnader får stort utrymme i den poli-tiska debatten och kan bli viktiga under valrörelsen 2022. I denna artikelgranskar vi ett antal återkommande påståenden om Sveriges inkomstfördel-ning och finner att de ofta är överdrivna och ibland direkt felaktiga. Det gällerbl a Sveriges position i världens jämlikhetsliga, nivån på inkomstskillnaderna,kapitalinkomsternas betydelse och den ekonomiska politikens inverkan övertid. Vi pekar även ut ett antal brister i den officiella inkomststatistiken och dis-kuterar hur den kan förbättras.
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| 4. |
- Björklund, Anders, et al.
(author)
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”Sverige är inte ett land med stor och växande ojämlikhet”
- 2021
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In: Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; , s. 5-5
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Bilden av Sverige som ett land med stor och växande ojämlikhet är många gånger överdriven och ibland direkt felaktig. En del av dessa fel beror på brister i den officiella statistiken. Det visar vi i en ny rapport där vi gått igenom ett antal påståenden i debatten, skriver nationalekonomerna Anders Björklund och Daniel Waldenström
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| 5. |
- Burman, Pia, et al.
(author)
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11C-metomidate PET/CT detected multiple ectopic adrenal rest tumors in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- 2021
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 106:2, s. e675-e679
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ContextWomen with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) may present with androgen excess that is difficult to control with conventional suppressive doses of glucocorticoids. Clinical management is challenging, and the woman is at great risk of developing steroid-induced complications.Patients and MethodsA 32-year-old woman with salt-wasting CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency underwent right-sided adrenalectomy because of a large myelolipoma. Over the years, androgens became increasingly difficult to suppress on prednisolone 5 + 0 + 2.5 mg daily, and at age 39 years the left adrenal with an enlarging myelolipoma was removed. A month later serum testosterone levels had increased from 4.1 preoperatively to 18.3 nmol/L (reference 0.2-1.8 nmol/L), and adrenocorticotropin levels from 32 to 283 pmol/L (reference < 14 pmol/L). No adrenal parenchyma was visualized on computed tomography (CT). In the further search for the source of the markedly elevated testosterone, positron emission tomography (PET) was performed with 2 different tracers, 18fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) reflecting glucose metabolism and 11C-metomidate, an inhibitor of 11-β-hydroxylase targeting adrenocortical tissue.Results18FDG-PET/CT with cosyntropin stimulation showed ovarian/paraovarian hypermetabolism, suggestive of adrenal rest tumors. Further characterization with 11C-metomidate PET/CT showed uptakes localized to the ovaries/adnexa, behind the spleen, and between the right crus diaphragmaticus and inferior vena cava.ConclusionAdrenal rest tumors can give rise to high androgen levels in spite of suppressive supraphysiological glucocorticoid doses. This case illustrates, for the first time, the value of 11C-metomidate PET as a sensitive method in documenting adrenal rest tumors, currently considered rare in women with CAH.
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| 6. |
- Kreiner, Marcelo, et al.
(author)
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Orofacial Pain and Toothache as the Sole Symptom of an Acute Myocardial Infarction Entails a Major Risk of Misdiagnosis and Death
- 2020
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In: Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. - : QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING. - 2333-0384 .- 2333-0376. ; 34:1, s. 53-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To provide an update of knowledge regarding the clinical presentation and neurophysiologic aspects of orofacial pain of cardiac origin in the form of a literature review. Methods: The peer-reviewed databases Scopus/Embase, NCBI (PubMed), and Science Direct were searched up to December 2018. Results: Patients with myocardial infarction presenting without chest pain run a higher risk of death due to missed diagnosis and subsequently a significantly greater delay between the onset of symptoms and arrival at the hospital. During myocardial ischemia, orofacial pain is reported by 4 in 10 patients and described as oppressive and/or burning. Up to 4% of myocardial infarction patients experience pain solely in the orofacial structures, women more often than men. Orofacial pain during myocardial ischemia is associated with ischemia within the inferior wall of the heart, suggesting the involvement of the vagal system. Conclusion: The clinician’s awareness of the full spectrum of clinical characteristics of a myocardial infarction constitutes a key factor in accurate diagnosis. Health care professionals and the general public should be aware of the possibility of myocardial infarction presenting with orofacial pain, toothache, or ear/temporomandibular joint pain as the only symptom.
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| 7. |
- Waldenström, Jesper, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Absence of interferon-lambda 4 enhances spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-3 infection
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 56:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives Absence of a functional interferon-lambda 4 (IFN-lambda 4) gene (IFNL4) predicts spontaneous resolution of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in regions with a predominance of genotype 1, whereas variants of the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) gene (ITPA) entailing reduced activity associate with increased sustained virologic response rates following some therapeutic regimens. This study aimed at investigating the impact of IFNL4 on acute HCV genotype 2 or 3 infections, and whether ITPase activity influenced outcome. Materials and Methods Two hundred and seven people who injected drugs (PWID) with documented anti-HCV seroconversion, and 57 PWID with reinfection with HCV were analyzed regarding IFNL4 (rs368234815 and rs12979860) and ITPA (rs1127354 and rs7270101), and longitudinally followed regarding HCV RNA. Results The spontaneous clearance of HCV infection in anti-HCV seronegative PWID was enhanced when IFN-lambda 4 was absent (44% vs. 20% for IFNL4 TT/TTrs1368234815 and Delta G(rs1368234815) respectively, p < .001; OR 3.2) across genotypes 1-3. The proportion lacking IFN-lambda 4 was further increased following resolution of repeated re-exposure to HCV (74% among re-infected participants who had cleared at least two documented HCV infections). ITPA genetic variants did not independently impact on the outcome, but among males lacking IFN-lambda 4, reduced ITPase activity markedly augmented the likelihood of resolution (65% vs. 29% for <100% and 100% ITPase activity, p = .006). Conclusions Absence of IFN-lambda 4 entails an enhanced likelihood of spontaneous resolution both following primary acute infection and repeated re-exposure to HCV across genotypes 1-3. Among men lacking IFN-lambda 4, reduced ITPase activity improved outcome.
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