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- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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- Lawrenson, Kate, et al.
(författare)
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Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk.
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- Lu, Yingchang, et al.
(författare)
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New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Abbott, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Cadre conceptuel du jeu préjudiciable: Une collaboration internationale, troisième édition
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Si le jeu est souvent considéré comme un divertissement ou un loisir, pour certaines personnes, qu’il s’agisse de familles ou d’individus, voire de la société en général, il peut avoir des répercussions graves. Depuis des décennies, les effets préjudiciables du jeu font l’objet d’études visant à comprendre les distinctions entre la pratique du jeu et le parcours de vie des problèmes liés au jeu. Le présent ouvrage élabore un cadre conceptuel complet et pertinent au niveau international du « jeu préjudiciable » qui identifie les préjudices au-delà d’une vue basée sur les symptômes et aborde une série de facteurs liés aux risques pour la population, de même qu’aux effets sur la communauté et la société. Les facteurs répertoriés dans le cadre représentent des éléments majeurs liés au jeu et sont tantôt spécifiques (environnement de jeu, exposition, types et ressources), tantôt généraux (culturels, sociétaux, psychologiques et biologiques). Le Cadre a été créé par une équipe internationale de spécialistes interdisciplinaires dans le but de faciliter la compréhension du jeu préjudiciable. Il reflète l’état des connaissances liées aux facteurs d’influence du jeu préjudiciable et a pour but secondaire de servir de guide au développement de programmes de recherche futurs et à l’éducation des personnes chargées de prendre des décisions en matière de jeu préjudiciable. Situé à Guelph, en Ontario (Canada), l’organisme Gambling Research Exchange Ontario ou GREO, anciennement Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre (OPGRC) a facilité l’élaboration du présent Cadre conceptuel sur le jeu préjudiciable et demeurera responsable d’assurer la mise à jour de celui-ci.
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- Abbott, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling: An International Collaboration (Revised Edition)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although it is seen by many as a form of leisure and recreation, gambling can have serious repercussions for individuals, families, and society as a whole. The harmful effects of gambling have been studied for decades in an attempt to understand individual differences in gambling engagement and the life-course of gambling-related problems. In this publication, we present a comprehensive, internationally relevant conceptual framework of “harmful gambling” that moves beyond a symptoms-based view of harm and addresses a broad set of factors related to population risk, community and societal effects. Interactive factors depicted in the framework represent major themes in gambling that range from specific (gambling environment, exposure, types, and resources) to general (cultural, social, psychological, and biological). The framework has been created by international interdisciplinary experts and stakeholders— including researchers, treatment providers, operators, policy makers, as well as individuals and their families—in order to facilitate an understanding of harmful gambling. It reflects the state of knowledge related to factors influencing harmful gambling; and serves a secondary purpose as a guide for the development of future research programs and education of policy makers on issues related to harmful gambling. Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO) (formerly the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre (OPGRC) located in Guelph, Ontario, Canada) has facilitated the development of the Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling and will retain responsibility for keeping it up-to-date.
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