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- Fredman, Peter, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Approaches to foresight recreation and tourism in nature : Experiences from the Nordic Region
- 2023. - 1st
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Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Nature Based Tourism Development. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 9781003230748 - 9781032137704 ; , s. 131-148
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses approaches to do foresights in outdoor recreation and tourism in nature, based on research from the Nordic countries. This region has a long-standing reputation for promoting outdoor recreation, with associated policies aiming to support this tradition for the benefit of future generations and environmental engagement. To do so successfully, one key input is improving the knowledge of outdoor recreational participation, associated trends, and future development. In this chapter, we therefore review different monitoring approaches to trend analyses as a means of forecasting participation and discuss supplementary approaches to foresight in outdoor recreation. We operationalize the Nordic context through studies undertaken in Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Our examination shows that the tradition of national surveys and on-site visitor monitoring has proven effective. However, contemporary changes in society call for additional approaches to better understand future outdoor recreation. We therefore share experiences from several different approaches to foresight in outdoor recreation. This will inform future research as well as managers, entrepreneurs, planners and policymakers in their decision-making.
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| 3. |
- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Accessibility and inclusive nature for everyone? A case study of outdoor recreation in Östersund, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: 28th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research. 23 to 25 October 2019. Roskilde University, Denmark.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, outdoor recreation is well established and traditionally considered to create good health with positive effects on physical and mental health (Fredman et al., 2014). The interests of outdoor recreation is hence part of the whole Swedish society, for example, in the government bill the Future Outdoor Recreation (2009/10: 238) it is described that the conditions for a so-called "good outdoor recreation" can be created by the State through spatial planning, accessibility, information and protected nature areas. However, accessibility for outdoor recreation relate to both physical, mental and socio-economic conditions (Emmelin et al., 2010). In Östersund municipality in northern Sweden, it is an on-going work to introduce more health-promoting activities as well as measures and rehabilitation for people with injuries and disabilities. Östersund municipality has developed a "Program for outdoor recreation" with the aim to create accessible outdoor recreation for all its residents. Previous studies have shown that lack of accessibility limits participation in tourism and outdoor activities for people with disabilities and destinations do little to identify and accommodate the specific demands and preferences of people with disabilities. Studies also show that planners are asking for more local investigations as to where, how and why outdoor recreation is practiced (see e.g. Petersson Forsberg, 2012; Ankre, 2019). The presentation will focus on a newly started project with the aim to increase knowledge of some of the challenges in Östersund regarding accessibility, lifestyle and physical activities. In addition, how accessibility and social inclusion can be further supported and developed in the local community are of interest. The project includes a mapping of accessible nature areas within the municipality, an investigation of needs and wishes among citizens with disabilities, and interviews with public and private stakeholders on their view on how to increase participation in outdoor activities. Preliminary results from focus group interviews and fieldwork will be presented. The focus group contains a before-during-and-after perspective. Firstly, the group meets indoors (to talk about, for example previous experiences and the importance of accurate information about the sites), followed by an excursion to a nature area in Östersund municipality, and finally a follow-up group meeting indoors. Of interest are how people with disabilities experience visits to different nature areas in the Östersund municipality, what kinds of obstacles there are when visiting nature areas, and how these areas may be improved. Accessibility also relates to the on-going densification in urban areas as a prevailing planning ideology. There is a general notion that there is so much green and that outdoor recreation can take place “elsewhere”. Even if this may be true, it can also lead to the exploitation of accessible urban and urban-close nature that is important for people’s everyday recreation. What kind of outdoor recreation one is practicing in Östersund and where and why was examined in the autumn of 2016 in a web survey directed at 3,000 randomly selected local residents. The results with a critical discussion of accessibility have recently been published (Ankre & Petersson Forsberg, 2019) which will create additional material in this study. We will also end with a discussion on ethical and methodological considerations. ReferencesAnkre, R. (2019). Friluftslivkonflikter i svenska kustlandskap ur ett planerings- och användarperspektiv. Studier av Luleå och Blekinge skärgårdar. Doctoral thesis. Karlskrona, Blekinge Institute of Technology.Ankre, R. & Petersson Forsberg, L. (2019). Förtätning och gröna kilar - konsekvenser för friluftslivet in Samhällsplaneringens teori och praktik. Stockholm, Liber. pp. 197-206.Emmelin, L., Fredman, P., Lisberg Jensen, E. & Sandell, K. (2010). Planera för friluftsliv. Natur, Samhälle, Upplevelser. Stockholm, Carlsson Bokförlag.Fredman, P., Sandell, K., Stenseke, M. & Emmelin, L. (2014). Friluftsliv i förändring. Studier från svenska upplevelselandskap. Editors P. Fredman, M. Stenseke and K. Sandell. Stockholm, Carlsson Bokförlag.Government Bill [Regeringens proposition] 2009/10:238. The Future Outdoor Recreation [Framtidens friluftsliv]. Stockholm, Ministry of the Environment.Petersson Forsberg, L. (2012). Friluftsliv och naturturism i kommunal fysisk planering. Doctoral thesis. Karlskrona, Blekinge Institute of Technology.
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| 4. |
- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Accessible recreational areas? A pilot study on disabilities, experiences and the outdoors
- 2021
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Ingår i: The 10th MMV Conference. - Ås, Norway : Norwegian University of Life Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionNature experiences and outdoor recreation have numerous positive outcomes with important physical and mental health benefits for the individual. In different international and Swedish legislative proposals and governmental letters this is evident; public health and well-being must be supported, as well as outdoor recreation, and nature experiences for everyone. Some groups in society are nevertheless excluded. Different physical disabilities can be particularly challenging due to physical barriers in nature. It can also be a challenge to get to nature areas because of, for example, incomplete information, long distances, transportation, or individual ability. Lack of accessibility is still a crucial obstacle for people with disabilities to participate in outdoor recreation (Burns et al., 2009). A better understanding of the participation patterns and perceived constraints by people with disabilities is necessary if nature and outdoor recreation are going to become accessible and inclusive (Corazon et al., 2019). The project aims to understand factors that enable and hinder participation in outdoor activities for people with physical disabilities. In the context of Östersund municipality, Sweden, we discuss how people with physical disabilities perceive accessibility to nature, and analyse available information on websites. What prevents people from getting out into nature? What kind of barriers can be identified? What kind of information is needed and is it available? MethodThis is a pilot study with a mixed-methods approach, using semi-structured interviews as its main data collection, followed by an analysis of websites and field observations. Initially, six interviews were conducted in October 2020-May 2021 with people with physical disabilities. The interviewees were identified through local disability associations and were contacted either by email or telephone. The interviews lasted approximately 1–1,5 hours, and were recorded, transcribed and anonymised. Questions included experiences and activities in the outdoors, their experiences of accessibility, safety and information. Follow-up questions were used, often leading to an unstructured dialogue where issues and anecdotes emerged.Five websites were analysed: Östersund municipality, Jämtland county administration board, Jämtland Härjedalen Tourism (JHT), the Accessible database, and Naturkartan.se (a digital visit guide to nature areas). The focus was to identify information available in terms of outdoor recreation. In addition, 18 place observations were carried out in Östersund municipality in June-July 2019 and 2020. These areas - nature reserves and non-protected nature areas - were selected based on website information and the researchers’ local knowledge. Factors such as terrain, public transportations, facilities and the outdoor opportunities in general were considered. An observation took 1-3 hours and included field notes and photo documentation. ResultsThe interviewed spend a lot of time in the nearby nature; it is safer and takes less energy without disappointments. The need for assistance to get out into nature is in many cases clear; people with disabilities are not always independent or autonomous. Maja, a woman in her 40s and nearly blind, says: “One limitation is to get to nature areas by car or bus, it becomes a project too big; I rarely go alone, it is with my husband and children. I have the right to a travel service but it is difficult, it is expensive and not obvious to find the way to nature.” Transport options are important, as well as to actually being able to get from the parking lot to the nature area. There is an obvious lack of understanding of the whole chain of accessibility; to get from A to B. Daniel uses a wheelchair due to an accident and he describes: “Often it is the last meters that becomes a problem. I never get all the way... we saw the water, but we had to sit in the car and eat. ... I feel that it is the final part that goes wrong.“ However, motorized outdoor activities (e.g. quad bike, moped or snowmobile) make nature more accessible, according to some of the interviewed. Mainly the interviewed get information about various nature areas for outdoor recreation from other people. Interviewees state that information is very important for daring to visit places, especially locations where you have not been before. It is crucial that detailed information is available on websites with images of the nature area as well. Information they considered of relevance was about the terrain, distances, accessible toilets, and public transports. The lack of adapted toilets is something that all interviewees highlight as a problem when they visit nature. Simple practical adjustments but also information would make nature more accessible. For the interviewees, on-site signs and information boards are appreciated - if the authentic feeling of the area remains. Our overview of the websites shows that the degree of detailed information differs a lot, and that information is dispersed and not always easy to find. For example, the nature reserve Lillsjön is described to have an adapted footbridge, but the place observation showed that it had been closed for several years for restoration. Also the digital information regarding accessibility of adapted fireplaces and wind shields as well as facilities and equipment on site, need to be developed. ConclusionsThis study reveals how important local nature is to people with physical disabilities and that basic adjustments are lacking (e.g. toilets) and holistic understandings of the experience. There is information about some accessible nature areas in Östersund municipality, but there is still a lack of basic and detailed information. The place observations show that certain nature areas are accessible, but that there is a gap between the municipality’s strategy and reality. Based on this study, the conclusion is that Östersund municipality tries to be inclusive but further information needs to be developed in dialogue with people with disabilities. Burns, N., Paterson, K., & Watson, N. (2009). An inclusive outdoors? Disabled people’s experiences of countryside leisure services. Leisure Studies, 28(4), 403-417.Corazon, S. S., Gramkov, M. C., Poulsen, D. V., Lygum, V. L., Zhang, G., & Stigsdotter, U. K. (2019). I would really like to visit the forest, but it is just too difficult: a qualitative study on mobility disability and green spaces. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 21(1).
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| 6. |
- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Nature for everyone? Planning perspectives on accessibility, disability and participation in the Swedish outdoors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Planning practice + research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-7459 .- 1360-0583.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For older adults and people with disabilities, it can be difficult to participate in recreation due to inaccessible nature. This can lead to exclusion when it comes to outdoor experiences and health. Nature-based solutions for quality of life are hence essential. Through semi-structured interviews with Swedish municipal and county representatives, and representatives of interest organizations for people with physical disabilities, we identify challenges in the planning and management of the recreational landscape in relation to accessibility and participation. We enlighten how accessibility and social inclusion can be enhanced through planning and management to promote health through equal access to nature.
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| 7. |
- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Strategisk planering för friluftsliv och hållbarhet i Jämtlands län och dess fjällkommuner : En analys av planerings- och strategidokument samt intervjuer med olika aktörer på regional och lokal nivå
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att bidra till ett förbättrat kunskapsunderlag inom planering och besöksförvaltning för att bidra till en ökad hållbarhet inom friluftsliv. Utifrån studier i Jämtlandsfjällen vill vi skapa förståelse och kunskap om hur friluftslivet samt dess miljöpåverkan på mark- och vattenmiljöer lyfts och hanteras i planering och förvaltning.Vi studerar hur friluftsliv beaktas ochdefinieras i planering samt hur det lyfts i samband med hållbarhet med särskilt fokus på miljömässig påverkan. Syftet är också att beskriva och analysera betydelsen av planering och förvaltning i samband med friluftslivsfrågor där vi bland annat har utgått från tillväxt och besöksnäring,miljö och naturvård, folkhälsa samt riksintressen och intressekonflikter. Den geografiska avgränsningen är Jämtlands läns fjällkommuner vars västliga delar ligger i fjällkedjan: Berg, Härjedalen, Krokom, Strömsund ochÅre. Det är ett geografiskt område med olika intressen som energi,skogsnäring, rennäring, rekreation, idrott och turism som nyttjar naturresurserna.I vår studie har vi gjort dokumentanalyser av regionala ochkommunala plan-, handlings- och strategidokument. Utöver det harsemistrukturerade intervjuer med tjänstepersoner och representanter för olika myndigheter och organisationer genomförts. Inledningsvis har vi identifierat hur ofta friluftsliv omnämns, samt i vilken kontext, i olika dokument. Resultaten visar att begreppet friluftsliv mer eller mindre är frånvarande i de regionala dokumenten, medan det i jämförelse nämns relativt ofta i kommunernas översiktsplaner men i stort sett inte alls i övergripande visions- och strategidokument.Generellt sett är kunskapen om vad friluftsliv är och hur det definieras relativt låg bland de intervjuade. Det blir tydligt att friluftsliv ses som aktiviteter i naturen som ”bara” sker. Till viss del ses möjligheter med fysisk planering, men administrativa gränser och splittrad ansvars- och arbetsfördelning gör det svårt att få ett helhetsgrepp om friluftslivsfrågor. Det är en utmaning att olika vokabulär, begrepp och synonymer används samt att synen på vad friluftsliv är skiljer sig åt inom en kommun, mellankommuner och i förhållande till länsstyrelse. Det gäller även innebörden av begreppen friluftsliv respektive rörligt friluftsliv som är förvirrande och blandas i översiktsplanerna. Intervjuerna visar att kunskapen om skillnader mellan friluftsliv och rörligt friluftsliv är låg. Det finns få konkreta beskrivningar av friluftslivets miljöpåverkan i översiktsplanerna. Några av kommunerna tar upp ökat slitage på naturen, friluftslivets störning på rennäring och minskad tillgång till det som kan beskrivas som tysta miljöer. Några kommuner tar upp övergripande åtgärder för att minska såväl slitage på miljön som konflikter kring markanvändningen. Bland annat nämner Åre och Berg zonering och andra åtgärder som förstärkning av friluftslivets infrastruktur i form av leder genom känsliga naturtyper.Det finns få beskrivningar om friluftslivets negativa miljöpåverkan i dokumenten. Sammantaget beskrivs friluftslivet generellt som positivt även om viss oro finns vad gäller markslitage och konflikter mellan friluftsliv och andra markanvändare. Vår slutsats är att det är en splittrad och otydlig ansvarsfördelning inklusive organisation i samband med friluftslivfrågor, vilket gör det mer utmanande att få en helhetsbild av friluftslivets konsekvenser. En otydlig ansvarsfördelning gör det också svårare med samordning och samverkan inom kommunen. Det finns utmaningar med att friluftsliv och dess konsekvenser osynliggörs genom många olika definitioner och omskrivningar, vilket bidrar till otydlighet och osäkerhet kring vad som menas bland aktörer och vem som arbetar med vad.Utifrån dokumentanalysen drar vi slutsatsen att naturområden för friluftsliv tydligare bör lyftas fram i kommunernas översiktsplanering. Resultaten visar att trots att naturen och möjligheter till friluftsliv utgör en viktig del av fjällkommunernas attraktionsvärde och används som argument för turismutveckling och inflyttning till regionen, har friluftslivet en undanskymd roll i det kommunala arbetet och i den fysiska planeringen. När friluftsliv ses som en reseanledning samtidigt som marknadskrafter eller ideella initiativ driver utvecklingen av till exempel spår och leder, kan vi fundera över vilken roll kommunerna har när centrala delar av friluftslivets infrastruktur läggs utanför den kommunala verksamheten.Sammantaget kan vi dra slutsatsen att kunskapen om friluftsliv och den svenska friluftspolitiken är förhållandevis låg i de undersökta kommunerna och en möjlig förklaring till detta kan vara att man inte ser de indirekta ekonomiska vinsterna. Slutsatsen är att friluftslivet och dess konsekvenser är en angelägenhet som kommunerna undviker och då inte heller tar ansvar för. Vår studie visar att friluftslivet behöver få starkare ställning
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