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- Aurell, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound anatomy in the normal neonatal and infant foot: an anatomic introduction to ultrasound assessment of foot deformities
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 12:9, s. 2306-2312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to establish guidelines for US assessment of the talo-crural, the talo-navicular and the calcaneo-cuboid joints during the first year of life, which could serve as a reference while studying foot deformities. The feet of 54 healthy children were examined at birth and at the age of 4, 7 and 12 months by using three easily defined and reproducible US projections. With a medial projection the relation of the navicular in relation to the medial malleolus and the head of the talus was studied. A lateral projection revealed the calcaneo-cuboid relationship and a dorsal projection the talo-navicular alignment in the sagittal plane. Normal values for measurements of these cartilaginous relationships were established for the different age groups. Intra- and interobserver reliability was assessed and found to be acceptable (r=0.53-0.90, Pearson correlation coefficient). With US it is possible to obtain reproducible planes of investigation that give reliable information about the talo-crural, the talo-navicular and the calcaneo-cuboid relationships during the first year of life.
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| 2. |
- Bidartondo, MI, et al.
(författare)
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Do nutrient additions alter carbon sink strength of ectomycorrhizal fungi?
- 2001
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 1469-8137 .- 0028-646X. ; 151:2, s. 543-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon sink strength differences are examined here between ectomycorrhizal fungi in interaction with additions of ammonium and apatite (a phosphorus- and calcium-containing mineral). Pinus muricata associated with Paxillus involutus and four suilloid isolates (Suillus pungens and members of three Rhizopogon section Amylopogon species groups) were used in microcosm nutrient addition experiments. The associations differed in ectomycorrhizal biomass, mycelial growth rate, biomass and respiration. P. involutus produced the lowest biomass of ectomycorrhizal connections to P. muricata, but it consumed proportionally more carbon per connection and transferred more than twice as much ammonium to the host per unit mycorrhizal biomass. Paxillus also colonized the soil more rapidly and intensely than the other fungi, but its mycelial respiration was lowest. Ammonium and apatite addition resulted in a marked increase in respiration and mycelial biomass, respectively, by the suilloid fungi. The high carbon cost of ammonium uptake is suggested as one explanation for reduced sporocarp production and mycelial growth by ectomycorrhizal fungi commonly found after high levels of nitrogen addition.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ruigómez, A, et al.
(författare)
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Natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosed in general practice
- 2004
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 20:7, s. 751-760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : Cross-sectional studies indicate that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms have a prevalence of 10–20% in Western countries and are associated with obesity, smoking, oesophagitis, chest pain and respiratory disease. Aim : To determine the natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease presenting in primary care in the UK. Methods : Patients with a first diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease during 1996 were identified in the UK General Practice Research Database and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. We investigated the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, potential risk factors and comorbidities, and relative risk for subsequent oesophageal complications and mortality. Results : The incidence of a gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis was 4.5 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 4.4–4.7). Prior use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, excess body weight and gastrointestinal and cardiac conditions were associated with an increased risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis. Subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had an increased risk of respiratory problems, chest pain and angina in the year after diagnosis, and had a relative risk of 11.5 (95% confidence interval: 5.9–22.3) of being diagnosed with an oesophageal complication. There was an increase in mortality in the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohort only in the year following the diagnosis. Conclusions : Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a disease associated with a range of potentially serious oesophageal complications and extra-oesophageal diseases.
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