| 1. |
- Abdul Hamid, Akram, et al.
(författare)
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Hygrothermal assessment of internally added thermal insulation on external brick walls in Swedish multifamily buildings
- 2017
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323. ; 123, s. 351-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proper and efficient renovation requires understanding the behavior of existing buildings and of different building materials. Analyzing hygrothermal measurements in two case studies, one with and the other without an internally added thermal insulation system, enabled us to identify factors of critical importance for further assessment through simulations, and to validate a hygrothermal simulation model of a solid brick masonry wall, a model used then to assess internally added thermal insulation systems of different types. A mold resistance design (MRD) model shows that, in connection with all internally added thermal insulation systems, the risk of mold growth is appreciable when brought on by solar driven vapor from the exterior. This, if biological material is present in either of two critical areas, those of the boundary between the thermal insulation and either 1) the existing masonry wall, or 2) the exterior surface of an internally added vapor barrier. Furthermore, assessments of corrosion risks are conducted for two critical placements of the bed-joint reinforcement. At a depth of 30 mm from the exterior surface, the corrosion risk was found to be less with use of capillary-active vapor-open systems than when no thermal insulation was employed, other systems increase the corrosion risk. At a depth of 90 mm, all thermal insulation systems increase the corrosion risk. Excluding precipitation uptake eliminates all risks, showing that this is the most crucial factor. Solutions that limit this uptake or increase the drying-out rate should thus be considered beneficial.
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| 2. |
- Abdul Hamid, Akram, et al.
(författare)
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Literature review on renovation of multifamily buildings in temperate climate conditions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788. ; 172, s. 414-431
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, approximately 1.4 million dwellings were built 1946–1975. Today, a considerable part of these are in need of renovation for various reasons. Research results, as well as experiences and outcomes from renovation projects could facilitate in performing more efficient renovations. As an aid for further research, this paper aims to compile and review relevant literature that may support in choosing a renovation strategy as well as decisions on renovation measures. The focus of this paper is research on status determinations, renovation strategies and renovation measures. Differences and similarities within these areas are presented through the analysis of 234 relevant references. The results show that renovation of multifamily buildings in temperate climate conditions is widely researched. The included research has a strong energy focus, and while other aspects of renovation are researched as well, they are not as strongly represented. Status determinations are often based on data from national databases that include useful information that could help alleviate decision making in the renovation process. This study suggests that future research should be conducted on the effect of such databases on the renovation process. This study also shows that there are numerous renovation strategies, and while there are both in-depth and broader strategies, these are seldom connected. Finally, there are many references evaluating various effects of the application of renovation measures, but some effects and measures are more widely researched than others. This study lays a strong foundation for further in-depth research on the reviewed articles, reports, and theses.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Mathilda, et al.
(författare)
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Metoden ByggF-PST : Tillämpning av ByggaF på tillverkning av prefabricerade småhus i trä. Version 1.0
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Metoden som presenteras i detta dokument är en tillämpning av ByggaF påprefabricerad småhustillverkning av hus med träbaserad stomme kallad:”ByggaF för Prefabricerade småhus med trästomme”, hädanefter omnämnd somByggaF-PST. ByggaF-PST är en metod som säkerställer, dokumenterar ochkommunicerar fuktsäkerheten i hela byggprocessen, från planering tillbruksskede. Metoden innebär ett arbetssätt för att uppfylla samhällets krav påfuktsäkerhet och innehåller rutiner och hjälpmedel för alla aktörer, frånsmåhustillverkare, konsulter, materialleverantörer och entreprenörer.
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| 4. |
- Dahlblom, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical temperature gradients in apartments with hydronic radiator heating
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cold Climate HVAC 2018 : Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates - Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 575-585
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A vertical temperature stratification normally exists in rooms during the heat-ing season in cold climates. An expression of the gradient in apartments heated by hydronic radiator heating systems with exhaust ventilation has ear-lier been developed assuming a dependency of the outdoor temperature. The expression was used by a public real estate owner when re-calculating meas-ured indoor temperature at 2.1 m above floor to 1.2 m above floor represent-ing the occupancy zone and used for individual metering and billing of space heating cost. To validate the suggested expression temperature measurements have been made at four heights in living rooms in apartments built in the 70’s. The heights includes 0.0, 0.1, 1.1 and 1.7 m above floor. The theoreti-cal expression has been compared to the full-scale measurements and in general the expression overestimates the vertical temperature gradient. The measured gradients are generally very low. The thermal comfort in the aspect of vertical temperature gradient is good for the studied period.
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| 5. |
- Hilliaho, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Energy saving and indoor climate effects of an added glazed facade to a brick wall building : Case study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 7, s. 246-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is focused on the energy saving and indoor climate analysis of the renovation of a 1930's brick-walled building in the moderately cold climatic conditions of Malmö in southern Sweden. Three facades of the building were glassed in and the ventilation system was renewed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect the added glazing would have on the building's energy demand and indoor climate. Measurements were taken on site and were used as the input for computational studies performed with the help of IDA Indoor Climate and Energy software (IDA-ICE). The study showed that the heating energy demand was reduced after the glazing installation by between 5.6% and 25.3%. In addition, the mean annual temperature difference between the cavity space and the outside air was from 5.2 °C to 11.4 °C higher, depending on the design. A number of different design options were explored for the winter and also summer case-studies, as it was apparent that adding glazing decreased the level of comfort in the building's indoor environment in summer time. This problem could be solved by increasing the cavity air flow or adding new solar shading to the front or back of the glazing.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nordquist, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Sammanfattande resultat av projekt kring Inglasning som ny klimatskärm
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta delprojekt har följande genomförts:• Beräkning av effekterna av solinstrålning och förvärmning av luften vid inglasning av befintliga byggnader• Beräkning av energibesparing vid inglasning• Beräkning av termisk komfort och studie av effektiva passiva kylåtgärder• Framtagande av datorverktyg (modeller och moduler för energiberäkningsprogram, Glazing-LTH) för att bättre kunna uppskatta effekterna av solinstrålning och förvärmning av luften vid inglasning• Mätning och analys för att kunna beskriva klimatet i luftspalter mellan en tung vägg (tegelvägg med kanalmur) och en inglasning• Mätning under drygt 2,5 år i en fullskalebyggnad• Möjligheter och risker att beakta vid renovering med inglasning har kunnat identifieras utifrån resultatenEnergibesparingen på studerat fall är i storleksordningen 9-38% beroende på vilka olika energieffektiveringsåtgärder; inglasning, FTX-system, förvärmning av ventilationsluft via inglasning, som kombineras. För den studerade byggnadens utformning är energibesparingen för uppvärmningen i storleksordningen 30%. Årsmedeltemperaturhöjningen i luftutrymmet jämfört med utomhustemperaturen varierar mellan 5,2-11,4ºC beroende på exakt utformning. Mätningar av den operativa temperaturen sommartid visar att den termiska komforten är tillfredsställande inomhus. Resultaten visar även att passiva kylåtgärder bör projekteras om inte högre inomhustemperaturer jämfört med före renovering ska uppstå för sommarförhållanden. Effektiva passiva åtgärder vilka inte kräver aktiv kylenergi-tillförsel i driftsskedet har kunnat identifieras. Projektet har finansierats av Energimyndigheten (projektnummer 37582-1).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Omelekhina, Yuliya, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor-to-outdoor ratios of ultrafine particles in Swedish residences
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A number of health effects have been linked to exposure to airborne particles, however the consequences of exposure to ultrafine particles is largely unknown. Ultrafine particles can be emitted from different indoor activities or be of the outdoor origin. This is further complicated by the fact that we are spending majority of the time indoors. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of renovations on indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios of ultrafine particles (UFP) in 6 occupied Swedish residences. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements were performed in 6 residences for seven consecutive days in urban area in southern Sweden. The apartments were mechanically ventilated and had volumes between 115-218 m3. The renovation activities included adjusting air exchange rates (AER) to meet Swedish standards (0.5 AER h-1) and installation of the new kitchen extraction fans. NanoTracers (Oxility Aerasense) were used to measure particle number concentrations and mean particle diameters (10 - 300 nm). Based on the averages of particle number concentrations (PNC) during occupancy period, indoor-to-outdoor ratios (I/O) were calculated for each home. AER have been increased in the apartments during renovations to 0.4-0.7 h-1 in comparison to values before the renovation 0.2-0.4 h-1. After renovation I/O ratios of PNC during occupancy periods varied between 0.2-3.8 and were lower in comparison to the values before renovations 1.0-11.9. This could indicate increased efficiency of particles removal after renovation but also can be influenced by lower amount of performed activities by occupants, which were 2-3 times lower after in comparison to before. Results have shown the positive changes of the renovation processes on AER and particle removal. Nevertheless, the frequency and type of indoor activities performed by residents at home influence the indoor concentrations. The Swedish Research Council FORMAS and the Swedish Energy Agency financed the project.
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| 10. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in transdisciplinary research : Example from a study on people as part of energy and ventilation systems in residential buildings (PEIRE)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cold Climate HVAC 2018 : Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates - Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 802-812
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency measures in residential buildings typically include changes in ventilation and heating systems, and increased thermal insulation of the building envelope. The expected energy efficiency is not always reached, despite large knowledge and professional implementation of each separate measure. Thereis a lack in understanding of how technical systems interact, and how the ocupants are influenced by and in turn influence the systems by their behaviour. A holistic view and a transdisciplinary research approach are needed to understand relevant interactions and propose integrated energy efficiency measures. The aim of this paper is to reveal challenges in transdisciplinary research projects that include real world studies on both humans and technical systems with measurements before and after renovation of multifamily housing. It is based on experiences from the PEIRE-project (People, Environment, Indoor, Renovation, Energy) carried out by a research team with expertise on environmental psychology, human behaviour, interaction design, universal design, building physics, building services, thermal comfort, aerosol technology, exposure assessment, acoustics, daylight, and complex thinking. Differences in theoretical bases and methodology needed to be dealt with. Metatheory building could help with the transition from a multi- to a transdisciplinary understanding.
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