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- Lindholm Dahlstrand, Åsa, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Internal venturing: sponsored corporate spin-offs in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pellenbarg and E. Wever (Eds.). Routledge, London. International Business Geography: Case studies of Corporate Firms..
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates how spin-off firms perceive support from parent firms. The question was addressed by administering a questionnaire to 51 firms listed on the new Swedish stock markets (NGM and Aktietorget) set up in the mid-1990s. Spin-offs were identified as new firms, where the founder had drawn on experiences with his or her previous employer when starting the new firm. The sponsoring of spin-off firms (financing and other resources) was compared to the sponsoring of other new firms listed on these new stock markets. We found that more than a third of all corporate spin-offs had received sponsoring from their parents. However, it was quite unusual that the parent firms became minority owners or contributed financially to spin-off firms. Instead, sponsoring with other resources, especially personnel and equipment, was more common. Even so, sponsoring from the founders’ previous employers was found to be at least as – if not more – common among other ventures listed on the new stock market. Especially ventures based on external ideas seem to attract resources from previous employers. The results suggest that there are two types of relationships between established firms and former employees starting new firms. The first type is where the relationship is based on a business opportunity originating in the established firm and where this perceived opportunity is embodied in the former employee. This is the logic for entrepreneurial spin-offs found in literature. The second type is where the relationship is only based on a business opportunity embodied in the former employee, but where the opportunity did not originate in the established firm where the founder used to work. The second type is relevant because of the finding that former employers sponsor new firms of this kind as well. Finally, we conclude that the spin-off mechanism is indeed important for generating new ventures. However, the results suggests that established firms still to a large extent ignore the potential of listing sponsored entrepreneurial spin-off ventures on the stock exchange, and instead focus such activities on relatively more mature spin-offs.
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| 3. |
- Moparhti, Satish Babu, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of MAC30 protein is related to survival and biological variables in primary and metastatic colorectal cancers
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 30:1, s. 91-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MAC30 is highly expressed in several types of tumors including colorectal cancers, however, its clinicopathological and biological significance in colorectal cancers is currently not known. The aim of our study was to investigate MAC30 expression in distant normal mucosa, adjacent normal mucosa, primary tumors and metastases of colorectal cancer, and to determine the relationship between MAC30 expression and clinicopathological and biological variables. MAC30 expression was immunohistochemically examined in distant normal mucosa (n = 54), adjacent normal mucosa (n = 123), primary tumors (n = 217) and lymph node metastases (n = 56) from colorectal cancer patients. MAC30 cytoplasmic expression was increased from distant normal mucosa to primary tumor and to metastasis (p < 0.0001-0.04). Furthermore, 40% primary and 37% metastatic tumors showed stronger cytoplasmic expression of MAC30 at the tumor invasive margins compared to inner tumor areas. Strong cytoplasmic expression of MAC30 in the metastasis was related to a poor prognosis (p = 0.04). MAC30 cytoplasmic expression was positively related to expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (p = 0.04), p53 (p = 0.04), nucleoporin 88 (p = 0.001), legumain (p = 0.004) and particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (p = 0.004). However, MAC30 expression in the nucleus and stroma did not have any clinicopathological and biological significance (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MAC30 protein may play a role in development of colorectal cancer, and can be considered as a prognostic factor.
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| 4. |
- Pfeifer, Daniella, et al.
(författare)
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Protein expression following gamma-irradiation relevant to growth arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells with mutant p53
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 135:11, s. 1583-1592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We previously found that p53, p73, survivin and PRL were implicated in the outcome of radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. In the present study, we tried to understand mechanisms of colon cancer cell line response to radiation based on protein expression related to proliferation and apoptosis. KM12C, KM12SM and KM12L4a, cell lines with one origin, were radiated with 0, 10 or 15 Gy γ-radiation. Radiosensitivity was determined with cell cycle and apoptosis analysis, and protein expression of TAp73, ΔNp73, mutated p53, survivin and PRL-3 was determined by Western blot. KM12C showed transient G2-arrest, low apoptosis and up-regulation of resistance factors such as PRL-3. In KM12C expression of ΔNp73 increased after 10Gy, but not after 15Gy. KM12SM had permanent G2-arrest, low apoptosis and showed up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic survivin and down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic TAp73 and the radioresistance factor PRL-3 was down-regulated. KM12L4a, the most radiosensitive cell line, showed up-regulation of TAp73 and down-regulation/no up-regulation of resistance factors such as ΔNp73, survivin and PRL-3 after radiation. In conclusion, the KM12C cell line was more radioresistant than KM12L4a regarding apoptosis and certain apoptotic proteins. The radiosensitivity of KM12L4a might partly depend on the lack of up-regulation of proteins negative for the outcome of radiotherapy.
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| 5. |
- Sun, Xiao-Feng, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphisms in sulfotransferase 1A1 and glutathione S-transferase P1 genes in relation to colorectal cancer risk and patients' survival
- 2005
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 11:43, s. 6875-6879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine whether polymorphisms in SULT1A1 and GSTP1 genes contribute to colorectal cancer development and whether they are associated with clinicopathological variables are not well identified. Methods: We examined the genotypes of 125 colorectal cancer patients and 666 healthy controls in a Swedish population by using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: SULT1A1 *2/*2 genotype (OR = 2.49, 95%CI = 1.48-4.19, P = 0.0002) and *2 allele (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.16-2.10, P = 0.002) had an effect on colorectal cancer susceptibility, while GSTP1 genotype was without effect. However, GSTP1 G-type predicted a worse prognosis in the patients independently of gender, age, Dukes' stage, growth pattern, and differentiation (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Polymorphism in SULT1A1 may predispose to colorectal cancer and GSTP1 may be a biological indicator of prognosis in the patients. © 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Wallin, Martin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Sponsored spin-offs, industrial growth and change
- 2006
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Ingår i: Technovation. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0166-4972 .- 1879-2383. ; 26:5-6, s. 611-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the role of sponsored spin-offs for industrial growth and dynamics. A sponsored spin-off is a firm born out of the venturing activities and the active involvement of an established organization; in this paper the latter in the form of retained partial ownership in the new firm. Sponsored spin-offs are one mechanism whereby the respective potential advantages of large and new firms may be exploited. Little is known about the nature and magnitude of contributions by existing firms to the creation of new technology-based firms and the effects these new firms have on innovation, change and renewal.In this paper, an empirical sample of 101 Swedish IPO firms is used in the analysis of three research questions. (1) Are sponsored spin-offs an important mechanism for the creation of new technology-based firms? (2) Are sponsored spin-off firms important for industrial growth? (3) Are sponsored spin-offs influencing industrial renewal and change? The results add to the understanding of how, and to what degree the venturing activities of existing firms contribute to the creation of new firms, as well as how and to what extent these spin-offs differ from other new firms in terms of their impact on industrial growth and change.
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| 7. |
- Wallin, Åsa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Anticancer effect of SN-38 on colon cancer cell lines with different metastatic potential
- 2008
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Ingår i: Oncology Reports. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1021-335X .- 1791-2431. ; 19:6, s. 1493-1498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SN-38 is an active metabolite of the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan. The mechanism behind its antitumor effect in colorectal cancer is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the response of colon cancer cell lines with different metastatic potential to SN-38. The parental human colon cancer cell line KM12C and its two highly metastatic derivatives KM12SM and KM12L4a were cultivated in 5% CO2 at 37°C for 24 h and then exposed to SN-38 (2.5 µg/ml) at 37°C for 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry, apoptotic activity was determined by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry and the expression of topoisomerase I, Bax and survivin proteins were examined by Western blot. The exposure of the cells to SN-38 induced S-phase and G2 arrest (P<0.0001) and the KM12L4a cells had the highest response in a time-dependent manner (P<0.0001). The rates of apoptosis in the KM12SM (P=0.001) and KM12L4a cell lines (P=0.01) were increased time-dependently, though there was no such change in the KM12C cells. The expression of topoisomerase I protein was decreased in each cell line tested and the expression of Bax protein was increased, especially in KM12L4a. In conclusion, the effect of SN-38 on the colon cancer cell lines was mediated via conducting S-phase and G2 arrest and apoptosis. This effect was found in the cell lines with higher metastatic potentials, indicating that SN-38 can be used to treat advanced colon cancers.
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| 8. |
- Wallin, Åsa, 1976-
(författare)
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Molecular Studies of Irradiation and SN-38 on Colorectal Cancer
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common cancer diseases worldwide. In Swedenapproximately 5,000 new cases of CRC are generated each year, which makes it the thirdmost common cancer disease among both men and women. The past decades ofimproved treatment strategies have considerably increased the five-year survival for CRCpatients. However more could be achieved in this area, in particular for metastatic CRC,which is the cause of most CRC-related deaths. Therefore it is important to study thebiological response to certain treatments induced in CRC to find valuable predictiveand/or prognostic factors to select patients for better suited treatments.The aim of this thesis was to gain insight into the molecular changes that occurfollowing irradiation or treatment with SN-38 in rectal cancer patients or colon cancercell lines by studying the RNA expression, protein expression, DNA cell cycledistribution and apoptotic response. The expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver(PRL) proteins was investigated in rectal cancers from 125 patients included in arandomized clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy (RT). Increased expression of PRLswas seen at the invasive margin of primary and metastatic cancers compared with theinner area of the tumors. Moreover, strong PRL staining at the invasive margin correlatedto distant recurrence and worse survival of patients in the RT group but not in non-RTgroup (Paper I). Radiosensitivity was studied by treating KM12C, KM12SM andKM12L4a colon cancer cell lines with radiation. KM12C is of low metastatic naturecompared with the highly metastatic KM12SM and KM12L4a. Upregulation of ΔNp73and PRL-3 might contribute to the radioresistant phenotype in KM12C. In contrast,KM12L4a shows a high frequency of apoptosis and lack of upregulation of ΔNp73, PRL-3 and survivin, which might explain its radiosensitive phenotype (Paper II). KM12C,KM12SM and KM12L4a were treated with SN-38 which inhibits topoisomerase 1 (topo-1). The results show that SN-38 induces G2/S arrest and possess the capacity to triggerapoptosis in the three cell lines (Paper III). To further elucidate SN-38 effect on these celllines, the gene expression profile following SN-38 treatment was studied. Oligonucleotidearrays consisting of ~27,000 spots were hybridized with sample and reference cDNA.Both unsupervised and supervised hierarchical clustering analysis, and functional analysiswere performed. Supervised hierarchical clustering gives a strong signal of 1453discriminated genes, the vast majority being upregulated. Both upregulated anddownregulated genes point toward a favorable impact of SN-38 regarding the apoptoticpathways. For example RhoB and Bax are upregulated together with downregulation ofKras and survivin, which promotes apoptosis (Paper IV).In conclusion, PRLs may be valuable biomarkers for RT resistance, predicting apoor prognosis in rectal cancer patients. Targeting radio-resistance factors, such asΔNp73 and survivin may contribute to an increased sensitivity to RT. SN-38 affects cellproliferation and apoptosis.
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| 9. |
- Wallin, Åsa R., 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of PRL proteins at invasive margin of rectal cancers in relation to preoperative radiotherapy
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 65:2, s. 452-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: PRL-3 (phosphatase of regenerating liver) is involved in metastasis of colorectal cancer; however, its therapeutic implication in cancer patients has not been studied. We investigated the relationships of PRL expression to radiotherapy (RT) in rectal cancer patients.Methods and Materials: Phosphatase of regenerating liver expression was immunohistochemically examined in distant (n = 36) and adjacent (n = 82) normal mucosa, primary tumor (n = 125), biopsy specimens (n = 96), and lymph node metastasis (n = 30) from rectal cancer patients participating in a clinical trial of preoperative RT.Results: Phosphatase of regenerating liver expression was increased from the distant to adjacent mucosa and to the primary tumor (p < 0.05). PRL was highly expressed at the invasive margin in 28% of the primary tumors and 26% of the metastases. In the RT group, strong PRL expression at the invasive margin was related to distant recurrence (p = 0.006) and poor survival (p = 0.01), but not in the non-RT group. The survival significance remained even after adjusting for Dukes’ stage and differentiation (p = 0.02). Additional multivariate analyses showed that the correlation with prognostic significance of PRL differed between the RT and non-RT groups (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Phosphatase of regenerating liver expression (rather than PRL-3 alone) at the invasive margin predicted resistance to RT and unfavorable survival in rectal cancer patients with preoperative RT.
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