| 1. |
- Abraham-Nordling, Mirna, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm, Sweden, 2003-2005
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 1479-683X. ; 158:6, s. 823-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm County in those patients who were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for the First time during the years 2003-2005. Design: All new cases of hyperthyroidism >= 18 years of age were prospectively registered to calculate the total incidence of hyperthyroidism, as well as the incidence of the subgroups: Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goitre and solitary toxic adenoma (STA). Eight specialized units/hospitals in Stockholm County participated in the registration. The participating physicians were all specialists in medical endocrinology. oncology, nuclear medicine or surgery. Results: Duringa 3-year period, 1431 new patients of hyperthyroidism were diagnosed in a well-defined adult population (>18 years of age) of in average 1 457 036 inhabitants. This corresponds to a mean annual incidence of hyperthyroidism of 32.7/100 000. The incidence of GD was 24.5/100 000 per year. toxic nodular goitre was 3.3/100 000 per year and STA was 4.9/100 000 per year. Conclusions: The total incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm County was found to be 32.7/100 000 per year. of which 75% had GD. There were a higher percentage of smokers among the patients with hyperthyroidism compared with the overall population in Stockholm, but no difference in the frequency of smoking between patients with GD and toxic nodular goitre.
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| 2. |
- Träisk, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy after Treatment for Graves´Hyperthyroidism with Antithyroid Drugs or lodine-131
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:10, s. 3700-3707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Previous randomized trials have suggested an association between radioiodine treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the occurrence of worsening or development of TAO in patients who were treated with radioiodine or antithyroid drugs. Design: We conducted a randomized trial (TT 96) with a follow-up of 4 yr. Patients, Setting, and Intervention: Patients with a recent diagnosis of Graves' hyperthyroidism were randomized to treatment with iodine-131 (163 patients) or 18 months of medical treatment (150 patients). Early substitution with T-4 was given in both groups. Main Outcome Measure: Worsening or development of TAO was significantly more common in the iodine-131 treatment group (63 patients; 38.7%) compared with the medical treatment group (32 patients; 21.3%) (P < 0.001). Results: The risk for de novo development of TAO was greater in patients treated with iodine-131 (53 patients) than with medical treatment(23patients). However, worsening of TAO in the 41 patients who had ophthalmopathy already before the start of treatment was not more common in the radioiodine group (10 patients) than in the medical group (nine patients). Smoking was shown to influence the risk of worsening or development of TAO, and smokers treated with radioiodine had the overall highest risk for TAO. However, in the group of smokers, worsening or development of TAO was not significantly associated with the choice of treatment for hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Radioiodine treatment is a significant risk factor for development of TAO in Graves' hyperthyroidism. Smokers run the highest risk for worsening or development of TAO irrespective of treatment modality.
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| 3. |
- Bergenfelz, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of modern techniques on short-term outcome after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism: a multicenter study comprising 2,708 patients.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2451 .- 1435-2443. ; 394:5, s. 851-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preoperative localization procedures and the use of intraoperative parathyroidism (iOPTH) have led to a shift of paradigm from bilateral neck exploration to focused parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). However, only a small number of randomized trials from specialized centers have been published. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of localization procedures and iOPTH on short-term outcome after pHPT surgery in a multi-institutional setting.
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| 4. |
- Betson, N. R., et al.
(författare)
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No diurnal variation in rate or carbon isotope composition of soil respiration in a boreal forest
- 2007
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Ingår i: Tree Physiology. - 0829-318X. ; 27:5, s. 749-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Characterization of soil respiration rates and delta(13C) values of soil-respired CO2 are often based on measurements at a particular time of day. A study by Gower et al. (2001) in a boreal forest demonstrated diurnal patterns of soil CO2 flux using transparent measurement chambers that included the understory vegetation. It is unclear whether these diurnal patterns were solely the result of photosynthetic CO2 uptake during the day by the understory or whether there were underlying trends in soil respiration, perhaps driven by plant root allocation, as recently demonstrated in Mediterranean oak savannah. We undertook intensive sampling campaigns in a boreal Picea abies L. Karst. forest to investigate whether diurnal variations in soil respiration rate and stable carbon isotope ratio (delta C-13) exist in this ecosystem when no understory vegetation is present in the measurement chamber. Soil respiration rates and delta C-13 were measured on plots in which trees were either girdled (to terminate the fraction of soil respiration directly dependent on recent photosynthate from the trees), or not girdled, every 4 h over two 48-hour cycles during the growth season of 2004. Shoot photosynthesis and environmental parameters were measured concurrently. No diurnal patterns in soil respiration rates and delta C-13 were observed in either treatment, despite substantial variations in climatic conditions and shoot photosynthetic rates in non-girdled trees. Consequently, assessment of daily soil respiration rates and delta C-13 in boreal forest systems by single, instantaneous daily measurements does not appear to be confounded by substantial diurnal variation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Small baseline volume of left hippocampus is associated with subsequent conversion of MCI into dementia. The Göteborg MCI study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 272:1-2, s. 48-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Earlier studies have reported that hippocampal atrophy can to some extent predict which patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will subsequently convert to dementia, and that converters have an enhanced rate of hippocampal volume loss. Objective: To further validate the hypothesis that hippocampal atrophy predicts conversion from MCI to dementia, to relate baseline hippocampal volume to different forms of dementia, and to investigate the role of hippocampal side differences and rate of volume loss over time. Patients: The subjects (N = 68) include patients with MCI at baseline and progression to dementia at the two-year follow-up (N = 21), stable MCI patients (N = 21), and controls (N = 26). Among the progressing patients, 13 were diagnosed as having AD. Methods: The Göteborg MCI study is a clinically based longitudinal study with biannual clinical assessments. Hippocampal volumetry was performed manually on the MRI investigations at baseline and at the two-year follow-up. Results: Hippocampal volumetry could predict conversion to dementia in both the AD and the non-AD subgroup of converters. Left hippocampal volume in particular discriminated between converting and stable MCI. Cut off points for individual discrimination were shown to be potentially useful. The converting MCI group had a significantly higher rate of hippocampal volume loss as compared to the stable MCI group. Conclusions: In MCI patients, hippocampal volumetry at baseline gives prognostic information about possible development of AD and non-AD dementia. Contrary to earlier studies, we found that left hippocampal volume has the best predictive power. Reliable predictions appear to be possible in many individual cases.
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| 7. |
- Ekborn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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High-dose cisplatin with amifostine : ototoxicity and pharmacokinetics
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : Wiley. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 114:9, s. 1660-1667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Ototoxicity is a common side effect of high-dose cisplatin treatment. Thiol-containing chemoprotectors ameliorate cisplatin ototoxicity under experimental conditions. The trial was initiated to test the efficacy of amifostine protection in high-dose cisplatin treatment (125-150 mg/m) for metastatic malignant melanoma, to correlate the ototoxic outcome with cisplatin pharmacokinetics, and to evaluate the importance of using a selective analytical method for the quantification of cisplatin. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 15 patients with stage IV malignant melanoma. METHODS: Clinical follow-up of therapeutic response, pure-tone audiometry, and analysis of cisplatin and its monohydrated complex in blood ultrafiltrate by liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization were performed. Ultrafiltered blood platinum was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Ototoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity were the most prominent side effects. Three patients ultimately required hearing aids. All patients had audiometric changes at one or more frequencies after the second treatment course, and all but one patient reported auditory symptoms. No correlation was found between hearing loss and blood cisplatin pharmacokinetics. Platinum levels determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were higher than total platinum levels calculated from cisplatin and monohydrated complex concentrations obtained by liquid chromatography analysis. CONCLUSION: Ototoxicity was unacceptable despite amifostine treatment. Cisplatin pharmacokinetics during the first treatment course were not predictive of hearing loss. Amifostine caused a lowering of dose-normalized area under the concentration-time curve for cisplatin and monohydrated complex. Use of the unselective inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis leads to an overestimation of active drug. Selective analysis of cisplatin is especially important when evaluating cisplatin pharmacokinetics during chemoprotector treatment.
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| 10. |
- Hall, Marianne, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon dioxide exchange of buds and developing shoots of boreal Norway spruce exposed to elevated or ambient CO2 concentration and temperature in whole-tree chambers
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tree Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0829-318X .- 1758-4469. ; 29:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of ambient and elevated temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on CO2 assimilation rate and the structural and phenological development of shoots during their first growing season were studied in 45-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) enclosed in whole-tree chambers. Continuous measurements of net assimilation rate (NAR) in individual buds and shoots were made from early bud development to late August in two consecutive years. The largest effect of elevated temperature (TE) was manifest early in the season as an earlier start and completion of shoot length development, and a 1–3-week earlier shift from negative to positive NAR compared with the ambient temperature (TA) treatments. The largest effect of elevated [CO2] (CE) was found later in the season, with a 30% increase in maximum NAR compared with trees in the ambient [CO2] treatments (CA), and shoots assimilating their own mass in terms of carbon earlier in the CE treatments than in the CA treatments. Once the net carbon assimilation compensation point (NACP) had been reached, TE had little or no effect on the development of NAR performance, whereas CE had little effect before the NACP. No interactive effects of TE and CE on NAR were found. We conclude that in a climate predicted for northern Sweden in 2100, current-year shoots of P. abies will assimilate their own mass in terms of carbon 20–30 days earlier compared with the current climate, and thereby significantly contribute to canopy assimilation during their first year.
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