| 1. |
- Wallin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between young males and females with anorexia nervosa in a clinical setting
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:1, s. 91-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowledge of eating disorders in young and adolescent males is sparse. Aim: To investigate clinical presentations in males and females with anorexia nervosa (AN). Methods: Using a retrospective case-control design, data were collected from case records for 41 males diagnosed with AN. Data for a comparison group of 41 females with AN were collected, matched to the males by age and date at admission. The collected data covered demographic, medical, psychiatric, and treatment information. Results: No differences were found between the sexes in the percentage of expected weight (%EBW) at admission or discharge, or in psychiatric comorbidity. Treatment duration was equal for both sexes, but males received fewer treatment sessions than did females. Conclusion: These results indicate that the clinical presentations of young males and females with AN were very similar in terms of clinical characteristics.Impact StatementWhat is already known about this subject? Research on AN in male children and adolescents is sparse. Previous studies comparing male and female patients with EDs have found both differences and similarities between sexes. What does this study add? This study found few differences in terms of clinical presentation of AN between the sexes.
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| 2. |
- Eklöf, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Effekter av dikesrensning och våtmarksrestaurering på kvicksilver i vatten
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dikning av våtmark i svenska skogsområden under de senaste 120 åren har bidragit till ökad skogsproduktion men också orsakat genomgripande förändringar i skogarnas omsättning och lagring av vatten. Med tiden ansamlas sediment och vegetation i dikena, och dikesrensning kan behövas för att upprätthålla en hög skogsproduktion. Åtgärden kan dock påverka markegenskaper och -processer, vattenkvalitet och kolbalans. Ökad avrinning av total-kvicksilver (THg) och biotillgängligt metylkvicksilver (MeHg) har pekats ut som en potentiell risk vid dikesrensning. En alternativ åtgärd för dikade områden är restaurering till mer naturliga våtmarksförhållanden. Från politiskt håll uppmuntras restaurering som en åtgärd mot översvämningar och torka, för att minska emission av växthusgaser och för att öka den biologiska mångfalden. Åtgärden, som i regel blötlägger torv, riskerar dock att öka den mikrobiella bildningen av MeHg. Mer ytliga flödesvägar i restaurerade våtmarker riskerar också att mobilisera kvicksilver (Hg) från markens övre lager. I ett experimentellt fältförsök med sex avrinningsområden och tre referensområden studerades effekter på THg och MeHg i dikesvatten, efter både dikesrensning och våtmarksrestaurering, upp till ca två år efter åtgärderna. Fältförsöket kompletterades med provtagning av THg och MeHg i rensade (n = 25; 1–4 år efter rensning) och orensade (n = 25) diken i en rumslig studie med en stor geografisk spridning. Dessutom utvärderades 15 sedimentationsdammar belägna nedströms dikesrensade områden med avseende på bildning av MeHg i dammarna. Slutligen i en litteraturstudie sammanställdes effekter av dikesrensning på skogsproduktion med syftet att väga dessa effekter mot effekter på THg och MeHg i vatten. Resultaten visar att dikesrensning inte ledde till några ökningar av THg och MeHg i avrinnande vatten. Tvärt om, minskade koncentrationen och exporten av THg och MeHg i vissa områden. Dikesrensning ledde inte heller till några tydliga ökningar av partikelbundet THg och MeHg. Risken att dikesrensning i avverkade områden kan leda till ökad mobilisering av MeHg från de avverkade områdena kunde inte påvisas genom hydrologisk modellering. Sedimentationsdammar, merparten relativt små, nedströms dikesrensade områden orsakade inga förhöjda halter av MeHg, varken i bottensediment eller i dikesvatten nedströms dammarna. Våtmarksrestaurering ledde till ökade koncentration och export av THg och MeHg i ett av de två restaurerade områdena. Sammanfattningsvis visar studierna i projektet att dikesrensning kan minska, och våtmarksrestaurering kan öka THg och MeHg i avrinnande vatten, men att det kan variera mellan områden. Det gäller åtminstone under de första åren efter åtgärderna som studierna avser. Dessa förändringar drivs troligtvis av en kombination av i) ändrade flödesvägar för vattnet och ii) förändrade redox-förhållanden i marken då grundvattenytan sänks (vid dikesrensning) respektive höjs (vid våtmarksrestaurering).
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| 3. |
- Hong, Shengjun, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Susceptibility to AD is considerably determined by genetic factors which hitherto were primarily identified using case-control designs. Elucidating the genetic architecture of additional AD-related phenotypic traits, ideally those linked to the underlying disease process, holds great promise in gaining deeper insights into the genetic basis of AD and in developing better clinical prediction models. To this end, we generated genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data in 931 participants of the European Medical Information Framework Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) sample to search for novel genetic determinants of AD biomarker variability. Specifically, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses on 16 traits, including 14 measures derived from quantifications of five separate amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau-protein species in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to confirming the well-established effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on diagnostic outcome and phenotypes related to Aβ42, we detected novel potential signals in the zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) for CSF-Aβ38 and CSF-Aβ40 levels, and confirmed the previously described sex-specific association between SNPs in geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC) and CSF-tau. Utilizing the results from independent case-control AD GWAS to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) revealed that AD risk variants only explain a small fraction of CSF biomarker variability. In conclusion, our study represents a detailed first account of GWAS analyses on CSF-Aβ and -tau-related traits in the EMIF-AD MBD dataset. In subsequent work, we will utilize the genomics data generated here in GWAS of other AD-relevant clinical outcomes ascertained in this unique dataset.
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| 4. |
- Minta, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Brevican and Neurocan Peptides as Potential Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Differentiation Between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 79:2, s. 729-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Brevican and neurocan are central nervous system-specific extracellular matrix proteoglycans. They are degraded by extracellular enzymes, such as metalloproteinases. However, their degradation profile is largely unexplored in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).OBJECTIVE: The study aim was to quantify proteolytic peptides derived from brevican and neurocan in human CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) compared with controls.METHODS: The first cohort consisted of 75 individuals including 25 patients with AD, 7 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD upon follow-up, 10 patients with VaD or MCI diagnosed with VaD upon follow-up, and 33 healthy controls and cognitively stable MCI patients. In the second cohort, 31 individuals were included (5 AD patients, 14 VaD patients and 12 healthy controls). Twenty proteolytic peptides derived from brevican (n = 9) and neurocan (n = 11) were quantified using high-resolution parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.RESULTS: In the first cohort, the majority of CSF concentrations of brevican and neurocan peptides were significantly decreased inVaDas compared withADpatients (AUC = 0.83.0.93, p≤0.05) and as compared with the control group (AUC = 0.79.0.87, p ≤ 0.05). In the second cohort, CSF concentrations of two brevican peptides (B87, B156) were significantly decreased in VaD compared with AD (AUC = 0.86.0.91, p ≤ 0.05) and to controls (AUC = 0.80.0.82, p ≤ 0.05), while other brevican and neurocan peptides showed a clear trend to be decreased in VaD compared with AD (AUC = 0.64.80, p > 0.05). No peptides differed between AD and controls.CONCLUSION: Brevican and neurocan peptides are potential diagnostic biomarkers for VaD, with ability to separate VaD from AD.
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| 5. |
- Müller, Jens Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Cyanobacteria net community production in the Baltic Sea as inferred from profiling pCO2 measurements
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : European Geosciences Union (EGU). - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 18:17, s. 4889-4917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic matter production by cyanobacteria blooms is a major environmental concern for the Baltic Sea, as it promotes the spread of anoxic zones. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) measurements carried out on Ships of Opportunity (SOOP) since 2003 have proven to be a powerful tool to resolve the carbon dynamics of the blooms in space and time. However, SOOP measurements lack the possibility to directly constrain depth-integrated net community production (NCP) in moles of carbon per surface area due to their restriction to the sea surface. This study tackles the knowledge gap through (1) providing an NCP best guess for an individual cyanobacteria bloom based on repeated profiling measurements of pCO2 and (2) establishing an algorithm to accurately reconstruct depth-integrated NCP from surface pCO2 observations in combination with modelled temperature profiles.Goal (1) was achieved by deploying state-of-the-art sensor technology from a small-scale sailing vessel. The low-cost and flexible platform enabled observations covering an entire bloom event that occurred in July–August 2018 in the Eastern Gotland Sea. For the biogeochemical interpretation, recorded pCO2 profiles were converted to C∗T, which is the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration normalised to alkalinity. We found that the investigated bloom event was dominated by Nodularia and had many biogeochemical characteristics in common with blooms in previous years. In particular, it lasted for about 3 weeks, caused a C∗T drawdown of 90 µmol kg−1, and was accompanied by a sea surface temperature increase of 10 ∘C. The novel finding of this study is the vertical extension of the C∗T drawdown up to the compensation depth located at around 12 m. Integration of the C∗T drawdown across this depth and correction for vertical fluxes leads to an NCP best guess of ∼1.2 mol m−2 over the productive period.Addressing goal (2), we combined modelled hydrographical profiles with surface pCO2 observations recorded by SOOP Finnmaid within the study area. Introducing the temperature penetration depth (TPD) as a new parameter to integrate SOOP observations across depth, we achieve an NCP reconstruction that agrees to the best guess within 10 %, which is considerably better than the reconstruction based on a classical mixed-layer depth constraint.Applying the TPD approach to almost 2 decades of surface pCO2 observations available for the Baltic Sea bears the potential to provide new insights into the control and long-term trends of cyanobacteria NCP. This understanding is key for an effective design and monitoring of conservation measures aiming at a Good Environmental Status of the Baltic Sea.
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| 6. |
- Shi, Liu, et al.
(författare)
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Replication study of plasma proteins relating to Alzheimer's pathology.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279 .- 1552-5260. ; 17:9, s. 1452-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sought to discover and replicate plasma proteomic biomarkers relating to Alzheimer's disease (AD) including both the "ATN" (amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration) diagnostic framework and clinical diagnosis.Plasma proteins from 972 subjects (372 controls, 409 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 191 AD) were measured using both SOMAscan and targeted assays, including 4001 and 25 proteins, respectively.Protein co-expression network analysis of SOMAscan data revealed the relation between proteins and "N" varied across different neurodegeneration markers, indicating that the ATN variants are not interchangeable. Using hub proteins, age, and apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype discriminated AD from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 and MCI convertors from non-convertors with an AUC of 0.74. Targeted assays replicated the relation of four proteins with the ATN framework and clinical diagnosis.Our study suggests that blood proteins can predict the presence of AD pathology as measured in the ATN framework as well as clinical diagnosis.
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| 7. |
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