| 1. |
- Nilsson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Immunization with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara can modify mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus infection and delay disease progression in macaques
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Journal of general virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 83:Pt 4, s. 807-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant vaccinia virus-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine, given alone or in combination with a protein boost, were investigated. Cynomolgus macaques were immunized intramuscularly with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the SIVsmenvandgag–polgenes (MVA–SIVsm) at 0 and 3 months (n=4), at 0, 3 and 8 months (n=4) or at 0 and 3 months followed by purified native SIVsm gp148 and recombinant SIVmac p27 in immunostimulatory complexes at 8 months (n=4). One month after the last immunization, the vaccinees, together with four naive control monkeys and four monkeys immunized with wild-type MVA, were challenged intrarectally with 10 MID50SIVsm. At the time of challenge, antibody titres to SIV Env and lymphocyte proliferation responses to whole viral antigen were highest in vaccinees receiving MVA–SIVsm in combination with protein immunizations. Following rectal challenge, one of these vaccinees was completely protected. A prolonged survival time was observed in two of four monkeys in each of the groups immunized with MVA–SIVsm, in two monkeys given MVA–SIVsm followed by protein and in three of four monkeys given wild-type MVA, compared with naive controls. In conclusion, one monkey given the combined vaccine was protected completely against SIVsm infection. Furthermore, immunization with MVA–SIVsm, as well as wild-type MVA alone, seemed to delay disease progression after mucosal SIV infection in a proportion of the monkeys.
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| 2. |
- Walther, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic prescription practices, consumption and bacterial resistance in a cross section of Swedish intensive care units
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 46:9, s. 1075-1081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of this work was to study usage of antibiotics, its possible determinants, and patterns of bacterial resistance in Swedish intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: Prospectively collected data on species and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates and antibiotic consumption specific to each ICU in 1999 were analyzed together with answers to a questionnaire. Antibiotic usage was measured as defined daily doses per 1000 occupied bed days (DDD1000). Results: Data were obtained for 38 ICUs providing services to a population of approximately 6 million. The median antibiotic consumption was 1257 DDD1000 (range 584–2415) and correlated with the length of stay but not with the illness severity score or the ICU category. Antibiotic consumption was higher in the ICUs lacking bedside devices for hand disinfection (2193 vs. 1214 DDD1000, p=0.05). In the ICUs with a specialist in infectious diseases responsible for antibiotic treatment the consumption pattern was different only for use of glycopeptides (58% lower usage than in other ICUs: 26 vs. 11 DDD1000,P=0.02). Only 21% of the ICUs had a written guideline on the use of antibiotics, 57% received information on antibiotic usage at least every 3 months and 22% received aggregated resistance data annually. Clinically significant antimicrobial resistance was found among Enterbacter spp. to cephalosporins and among Enterococcus spp. to ampicillin. Conclusions: Availability of hand disinfection equipment at each bed and a specialist in infectious diseases responsible for antibiotic treatment were factors that correlated with lower antibiotic consumption in Swedish ICUs, whereas patient-related factors were not associated with antibiotic usage.
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| 3. |
- Bäckman, Carl G, et al.
(författare)
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Use of a personal diary written on the ICU during critical illness
- 2001
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : SpringerLink. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 27:2, s. 426-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore the use of a diary as an aid in debriefing patients and relatives following critical illness. Design: Observation study. Setting: Intensive care unit of a 500-bed hospital. Patients and participants: Fifty-one critically ill patients and their relatives. Method: A daily account of the patient's progress was written in everyday language by nursing staff, photographs were added as necessary. The booklet was given to the patient or a relative at a follow-up appointment 2 weeks after discharge from the unit. A standard questionnaire was mailed 6 months later, responses were analyzed by an independent observer. Measurements and results: All diaries had been read by survivors (n=41) or relatives (n=10), 51% of the diaries had been read more than 10 times. Comments in the questionnaires were graded as very positive (39%), positive (28%) and neutral (33%). Conclusions: A detailed narrative of the patient's stay is a useful tool in the debriefing process following intensive care.
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| 4. |
- Degen, Winfried G. J., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of recombinant human autoantibody fragments directed toward the autoantigenic U1-70K protein
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 30:10, s. 3029-3038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The U1-70K protein is specifically bound to stemloop I of the U1 small nuclear RNA contained in the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (U1 snRNP), which is involved in the splicing of pre-mRNA. All components of the U1 snRNP complex, including the U1-70K protein, are important autoantigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Here we describe for the first time the selection and characterization of recombinant human anti-U1-70K single chain autoantibody fragments (anti-hU1-70K scFv) from autoimmune patient-derived phage display antibody libraries. All scFv specifically recognize parts of the hU1-70K protein and its apoptotic 40-kDa cleavage product. In Western blotting assays a number of scFv preferentially recognize the 40-kDa apoptotic cleavage fragment of the U1-70K protein, suggesting a possible involvement of this apoptotic cleavage product in the autoimmune response of patients. The germline gene usage of these recombinant autoantibodies was also determined. Using several U1-70K deletion and point mutants of both human (h) and Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) origin, it was established that the U1-70K epitope that is recognized by the anti-hU1-70K scFv is located within the RNA binding domain.
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| 5. |
- Hanberger, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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High Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Bacterial Pathogens In Swedish ICUs
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 36:1, s. 24-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local infection control measures, antibiotic consumption and patient demographics from 1999-2000 together with bacteriological analyses were investigated in 29 ICUs participating in the ICU-STRAMA programme. The median antibiotic consumption per ICU was 1147 (range 605-2143) daily doses per 1000 occupied bed d (DDD1000). Antibiotics to which >90% of isolates of an organism were susceptible were defined as treatment alternatives (TA90). The mean number of TA90 was low (1-2 per organism) for Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin:VAN), coagulase negative staphylococci (VAN), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ceftazidime:CTZ, netilmicin: NET) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (CTZ, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: TSU), but higher (3-7) for Acinetobacter spp. (imipenem:IMI, NET, TSU), Enterococcus faecalis (ampicillin:AMP, IMI, VAN), Serratia spp. (ciprofloxacin:CIP, IMI, NET), Enterobacter spp. (CIP, IMI, NET, TSU), E. coli (cefuroxime:CXM, cefotaxime/ceftazidime:CTX/CTZ, CIP, IMI, NET, piperacillin-tazobactam:PTZ, TSU), Klebsiella spp. (CTX/CTZ CIP, IMI, NET, PTZ, TSU) and Staphylococcus aureus (clindamycin, fusidic acid, NET, oxacillin, rifampicin, VAN). Of S. aureus isolates 2% were MRSA. Facilities for alcohol hand disinfection at each bed were available in 96% of the ICUs. The numbers of TA90 available were apparently higher than in ICUs in southern Europe and the US, despite a relatively high antibiotic consumption. This may be due to a moderate ecological impact of the used agents and the infection control routines in Swedish ICUs.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Walther-Jallow, L, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-protection against mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm) challenge in human immunodeficiency virus type 2-vaccinated cynomolgus monkeys
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Journal of general virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 82:Pt 7, s. 1601-1612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we compared the efficacy of live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) vaccine alone versus boosting with live non-pathogenic HIV-2 following priming with ALVAC HIV-2 (recombinant canarypox virus expressing HIV-2 env, gag and pol). Six monkeys were first inoculated intravenously with live HIV-2SBL-6669 and 7 to 10 months later were challenged intrarectally with 10 MID50 of cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVsm. One monkey was completely protected against SIV infection and all five monkeys that became SIV-infected showed a lower virus replication and an initial lower virus load as compared with a parallel group of six control animals. In another experiment five monkeys were immunized either three times with ALVAC HIV-2 alone or twice with ALVAC HIV-2 and once with purified native HIV-2 gp125. The monkeys were then challenged with HIV-2 given intravenously and finally with pathogenic SIVsm given intrarectally. After challenge with SIVsm, three of five monkeys were completely protected against SIVsm infection whereas the remaining two macaques became SIV-infected but with limited virus replication. In conclusion, vaccination with an ALVAC HIV-2 vaccine followed by exposure to live HIV-2 could induce cross-protection against mucosal infection with SIVsm and seemed to be more efficient than immunization with a live HIV-2 vaccine only.
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