| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
|
|
| 4. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2020
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 5. |
- Liu, Hui, et al.
(författare)
-
Centromere-Specific Retrotransposons and Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in the Genome of Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium, Sapindaceae), an Oil-Producing Tree With Significant Drought Resistance
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-depth genome characterization is still lacking for most of biofuel crops, especially for centromeres, which play a fundamental role during nuclear division and in the maintenance of genome stability. This study applied long-read sequencing technologies to assemble a highly contiguous genome for yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium), an oil-producing tree, and conducted extensive comparative analyses to understand centromere structure and evolution, and fatty acid biosynthesis. We produced a reference-level genome of yellowhorn, ∼470 Mb in length with ∼95% of contigs anchored onto 15 chromosomes. Genome annotation identified 22,049 protein-coding genes and 65.7% of the genome sequence as repetitive elements. Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) account for ∼30% of the yellowhorn genome, which is maintained by a moderate birth rate and a low removal rate. We identified the centromeric regions on each chromosome and found enrichment of centromere-specific retrotransposons of LINE1 and Gypsy in these regions, which have evolved recently (∼0.7 MYA). We compared the genomes of three cultivars and found frequent inversions. We analyzed the transcriptomes from different tissues and identified the candidate genes involved in very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and their expression profiles. Collinear block analysis showed that yellowhorn shared the gamma (γ) hexaploidy event with Vitis vinifera but did not undergo any further whole-genome duplication. This study provides excellent genomic resources for understanding centromere structure and evolution and for functional studies in this important oil-producing plant.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lu, Chunyang, et al.
(författare)
-
Life cycle assessment of carbonaceous pellets used in blast furnaces in the context of “double carbon”
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 935
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the sole carbonaceous renewable energy source, biomass is distinguished by its abundant yield, widespread distribution, and carbon neutrality. It is integral to the achievement of zero and negative carbon production via conventional carbonaceous pellet technology. This study introduces a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment methodology for biomass preparation in carbonaceous pellets. We prepare high-quality biochar through a process combining hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolytic carbonization. Biomass high molecular weight extracts are obtained via organic pyrolytic extraction, while biomass high-temperature binders result from the modification and treatment of biochar. Biomass carbonaceous pellets are then formed using hot press technology. The ReCiPe model facilitates a comprehensive life cycle assessment of biomass carbonaceous pellets used in blast furnace production. The study leverages two comprehensive evaluation indicators - renewability, and environmental performance - to enhance the environmental performance of the process system and to maximize energy-saving and emission reduction potential.
|
|
| 7. |
- Rodriguez, Juan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibiting the interaction between apoptosis-inducing factor and cyclophilin A prevents brain injury in neonatal mice after hypoxia-ischemia
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Neuropharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0028-3908 .- 1873-7064. ; 171
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors The interaction between apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cyclophilin A (CypA) has been shown to contribute to caspase-independent apoptosis. Blocking the AIF/CypA interaction protects against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death in vitro, and the purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo effect of an AIF/CypA interaction blocking peptide (AIF(370-394)-TAT) on neonatal mouse brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The pups were treated with AIF (370-394)-TAT peptide intranasally prior to HI. Brain injury was significantly reduced at 72 h after HI in the AIF(370-394)-TAT peptide treatment group compared to vehicle-only treatment for both the gray matter and the subcortical white matter, and the neuroprotection was more pronounced in males than in females. Neuronal cell death was evaluated in males at 8 h and 24 h post-HI, and it was decreased significantly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the nucleus habenularis region after AIF(370-394)-TAT treatment. Caspase-independent apoptosis was decreased in the cortex, striatum, and nucleus habenularis after AIF(370-394)-TAT treatment, but no significant change was found on caspase-dependent apoptosis as indicated by the number of active caspase-3-labeled cells. Further analysis showed that both AIF and CypA nuclear accumulation were decreased after treatment with the AIF(370-394)-TAT peptide. These results suggest that AIF(370-394)-TAT inhibited AIF/CypA translocation to the nucleus and reduced HI-induced caspase-independent apoptosis and brain injury in young male mice, suggesting that blocking AIF/CypA might be a potential therapeutic target for neonatal brain injury.
|
|
| 8. |
- Wang, Jin, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of pin fins and vortex generators on thermal performance in a microchannel with Al2O3 nanofluids
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper performs a comparative analysis to obtain the optimal cross-section shape and parameters of both pin fins and vortex generators. A novel combined structure with pin fins and vortex generators is proposed to enhance thermal performance of an integrated microchannel heat sink. Effects of nanoparticle diameter and volume fraction are investigated using Al2O3 nanofluid and DI-water as working fluid. Pin fins and vortex generators cause enhancements of flow disturbance and heat transfer on microchannel heat sinks. Results indicate that oval pin fins have better improvements of thermal/hydraulic performance compared to round and diamond pin fins. The oval pin fin with 0.4 mm spacing and 0.1 mm height presents the highest overall performance factor in the Reynolds number range of 340–640. Presence of vortices intensifies the mixing of the hot fluid near bottom surface and cold fluid near top surface. The optimal vortex generator with length of 0.08 mm and height of 0.06 mm provides a 30% increase in overall performance factor compared to the rectangular microchannel at Reynolds number of 340. Mechanism of heat transfer enhancement is analyzed by investigating flow velocity, temperature distribution and field synergy angle distribution in microchannels. Based on the field synergy principle, it is found that a small and uniformly distributed synergy angle is achieved in the integrated microchannel. According to comparisons of the overall performance factor and total thermal resistance, the optimal nanoparticle diameter and Al2O3 volume fraction of nanofluids are 20 nm and 4%, respectively.
|
|
| 9. |
- Wang, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Guest Editorial: Modeling and Simulation Methods for Analysis and Design of Advanced Energy Conversion Systems
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. - 1558-0059 .- 0885-8969. ; 35:1, s. 309-311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The papers in this special section examine modeling and simulation methods for the analysis and design of advanced energy conversion systems. Energy conversion lies aEnergyveral fronts including materials, conversion methods, power electronics, and controls have created new opportunities for efficient energy conversion from both the conventional and new sources of energy. Our urgent need to solve many critical problems with regards to the sustainability and security of our energy system as well as the ever-increasing environmental challenges facing humanity have further spurred unprecedented opportunities for creation of innovative solutions to address these challenges.
|
|
| 10. |
- Wang, Yafeng, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Autophagy Inhibition Reduces Irradiation-Induced Subcortical White Matter Injury Not by Reducing Inflammation, but by Increasing Mitochondrial Fusion and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecular Neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-7648 .- 1559-1182. ; 59:2, s. 1199-1213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiotherapy is an effective tool in the treatment of malignant brain tumors, but irradiation-induced late-onset toxicity remains a major problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate if genetic inhibition of autophagy has an impact on subcortical white matter development in the juvenile mouse brain after irradiation. Ten-day-old selective neural Atg7 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to a single 6-Gy dose of whole-brain irradiation and evaluated at 5 days after irradiation. Neural Atg7 deficiency partially prevented myelin disruption compared to the WT mice after irradiation, as indicated by myelin basic protein staining. Irradiation induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell loss in the subcortical white matter, and Atg7 deficiency partly prevented this. There was no significant change between the KO and WT mice in the number of microglia and astrocytes in the subcortical white matter after irradiation. Transcriptome analysis showed that the GO mitochondrial gene expression pathway was significantly enriched in the differentially expressed genes between the KO and WT group after irradiation. Compared with WT mice, expression of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 and phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 (P-DRP1) were dramatically decreased in KO mice under physiological conditions. The protein levels of OPA1and P-DRP1 showed no differences in WT mice between the non-irradiated group and the irradiated group but had remarkably increased levels in the KO mice after irradiation. These results indicate that inhibition of autophagy reduces irradiation-induced subcortical white matter injury not by reducing inflammation, but by increasing mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting mitochondrial fission.
|
|
