| 1. |
- Grundemar, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Neuropeptide Y suppresses the neurogenic inflammatory response in the rabbit eye; mode of action
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115. ; 43:1-2, s. 57-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocular injury in the rabbit causes miosis and breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier (aqueous flare response, AFR), reflecting a sensory nerve-mediated inflammatory response, elicited by the release of tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from C-fibers. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) occurs in sympathetic fibers in the eye. The study was designed to examine whether NPY and related peptides interfere with the inflammatory response to ocular injury in the rabbit in vivo. The isolated rabbit iris was studied with respect to NPY binding sites and second messenger coupling. The AFR and the miotic response to a standardized injury (infrared irradiation (IR) of the iris) were suppressed dose-dependently by NPY (0.01-1.0 nmol) injected intravitreally 30 min prior the trauma. The treated eye was compared with the contralateral eye, which received 0.9% saline and IR. The Y1 receptor agonist [Pro34]NPY, the Y2 receptor agonist NPY 13-36 and the structurally related peptide YY (1 nmol each) suppressed the AFR in response to IR. Injection of either NPY or the Y1 and Y2 receptor agonists (0.3 nmol each) suppressed the AFR evoked by exogenously applied CGRP (0.15 nmol). Saturation studies with 125I-NPY revealed both high and 'moderate' affinity binding sites in the iris. The Bmax values were 26 and 321 fmol/mg protein, respectively. NPY suppressed the forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (IC50 value 19 nM). NPY did not affect basal or noradrenaline-induced accumulation of inositol phosphates in the iris. In conclusion, the rabbit iris seems to be rich in NPY receptors linked to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
|
| 2. |
- Karlsson, J E, et al.
(författare)
-
Glial and neuronal marker proteins in the silicone chamber model for nerve regeneration
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 60:3, s. 1098-1104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, neuronal and Schwann cell marker proteins were used to biochemically characterize the spatiotemporal progress of degeneration/regeneration in the silicone chamber model for nerve regeneration. Rat sciatic nerves were transected and the proximal and distal stumps were inserted into a bridging silicone chamber with a 10-mm interstump gap. Using dot immunobinding assays, S-100 protein and neuronal intermediate filament polypeptides were measured in different parts of the nerve 0-30 days after transection. In the most proximal nerve segment, all the measured proteins were transiently increased. In the proximal and distal stumps adjacent to the transection, the studied proteins were decreased indicating degeneration of the nerve. Within the silicone chamber, the regenerating nerve expressed the Schwann cell S-100 protein already at 7 days, whereas the neurofilament polypeptides appeared later. These observations are corroborated by previous morphological studies. The biochemical method described provides a new and fast approach to the study of nerve regeneration.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Shahnavaz, Houshang, et al.
(författare)
-
A usability evaluation of text and speech redundant help messages on a reader interface
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Human-computer interaction. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 044489540X ; , s. 724-729
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate whether text and speech redundant help messages are more usable than non-redundant messages on a reader interface. This paper looks at the principles underlying multi-media. The hypothesis is that if a speech and text redundant message is presented on a reader interface, then the users should have less difficulties or errors and shorter performance time in such tasks, by using such a (redundant) interface than using the text interface or speech interface. Four evaluation tools, i.e., observations, subjective ratings, interviews, and objective performance measures, were used to evaluate the effects of the messages. Twenty subjects (9 males and 11 females) from the general public participated in the study. The results partly support our hypothesis by showing that the redundant interface is the easiest and quickest among the three in terms of learning and using. Appropriate use of text and speech redundant help messages does contribute to the usability of the reader interface for the tested condition. However, the adverse effects of the speech, e.g., repeat messages are annoying, must be dealt with care.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Wang, E., et al.
(författare)
-
A verification of the evaluation tools for evaluating multi-media co-operative authoring emulation
- 1990
-
Ingår i: International conference on Integrated Broadband Services and Networks. - London : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 0852960026 ; , s. 335-340
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the development of integrated broadband communication (IBC) services, the usability of the system is one of the main factors which contribute to the success of the system. This paper describes and discusses the preliminary results of a multi-author multi-media authoring pilot study which was carried out to verifying the candidate evaluation tools to ensure that these tools can be used for evaluating the yet-to-be specified candidate usability principles for IBC services. Based on the assumed usability characteristics, evaluation tools (observation, questionnaires, interview, and objective data recording) were developed and tested. It is suggested that several evaluation tools should be used for complementing each other and accomplishing a more complete and accurate evaluation
|
|
| 8. |
- Wang, L P, et al.
(författare)
-
Auditory function after spinal anesthesia
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Regional Anesthesia. - 0146-521X. ; 18:3, s. 5-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of spinal anesthesia using 26-gauge needles on hearing.METHODS: Eighteen male patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or other transurethral procedures under spinal or epidural anesthesia were studied prospectively to reveal possible auditory side effects of dural puncture or absorption of irrigation fluid to the blood stream. Measurement of auditory function by pure tone, Bekesy and speech audiometry, and measurement of serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, urea, and glucose were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Clinical examination of cranial nerve functions was performed postoperatively.RESULTS: No mean change in hearing ability was seen in any group. One patient had severe, transient, low-frequency hearing loss with simultaneous severe postdural puncture headache. A statistically significant postoperative fall in serum osmolarity was noted in the epidural TURP group.CONCLUSION: Transient, severe hearing loss may still occur after spinal anesthesia using a 26-gauge needle. Minor hearing loss does not seem to be a problem with this needle size.
|
|
| 9. |
- Wang, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres and cells in human skin
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 261:1, s. 25-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sections of human skin were processed according to the indirect immunofluorescence technique with a rabbit antiserum against human protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). Immunoreactivity was detected in intraepidermal and dermal nerve fibres and cells. The intraepidermal nerves were varicose or smooth with different diameters, running as single processes or branched, straight or bent, projecting in various directions and terminating in the stratum basale, spinosum or granulosum. The density of the intraepidermal nerves varied between the different skin areas investigated. PGP 9.5-containing axons of the lower dermis were found in large bundles. They separated into smaller axon bundles within the upper dermis, entering this portion of the skin perpendicular to the surface. Then they branched into fibres mainly arranged parallel to the epidermal-dermal junctional zone. However, the fibres en route to the epidermis traversed the upper dermis more or less perpendicularly. Furthermore, immunoreactive dermal nerve fibres were found in the Meissner corpuscles, the arrector pili muscles, hair follicles, around the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and around certain blood vessels. Such fibres were also observed around most subcutaneous blood vessels, sometimes heavily innervating these structures. Numerous weakly-to-strongly PGP 9.5-immunoreactive cells were found both in the epidermis and in the dermis.
|
|
| 10. |
- Wang, Y, et al.
(författare)
-
Reconstitution of wild-type p53 expression triggers apoptosis in a p53-negative v-myc retrovirus-induced T-cell lymphoma line
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Cell Growth & Differentiation. - 1044-9523. ; 4:6, s. 73-467
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inactivation or mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been observed in a wide variety of human and murine tumors. We have found that a v-myc retrovirus (J3)-induced T-cell lymphoma line (J3D) has lost one of its p53 alleles, whereas the other has become inactivated due to the insertion of a Moloney murine leukemia provirus in intron 4 with an opposite transcriptional orientation. No p53 protein could be detected by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal anti-p53 antibodies. We have transfected this line with the temperature-sensitive murine Val135 construct that is expressed as mutant p53 at 37 degrees C and largely wild-type p53 at 32 degrees C. There was no difference in the number of viable cells among the p53 transfectants, the parental cells, and neomycin vector-transfected control cells at 37 degrees C. Following a temperature shift to 32 degrees C, the p53 transfectants rapidly lost viability, and 95-100% of the cells were dead by 3 days, whereas the control cells remained unaffected. Examination of DNA isolated from p53-transfected cells grown at 32 degrees C revealed nucleosomal fragmentation, indicating cell death by apoptosis. It is suggested that apoptosis is triggered by contradictory signaling. Constitutively expressed v-myc can stimulate cell proliferation, whereas expression of wild-type p53 in cells that have lost endogenous p53 expression in the course of their neoplastic development may suppress growth.
|
|
