| 1. |
- He, Hanbing, et al.
(författare)
-
Morphology-controlled synthesis of sodium hexa-titanate nanowhiskers by changing evaporation rate of NaCl-KCl molten salts
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 53:43, s. 15034-15040
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Na2Ti6O13 nanowhiskers with controllable morphologies were prepared via a simple molten salt evaporation method using a small quantity of NaCl-KCl as molten salt. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The optimal growth dynamic conditions for synthesis of Na2Ti6O13 nanowhiskers were also studied and discussed. According to thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the calcination process was designed to include two stages, lower temperature for reaction and higher temperature for evaporation of molten salt. Nanowhiskers and nanorods with different diameters can be obtained under different evaporation conditions. By comparing residual amounts of NaCl-KCl on product surfaces calculated by determined kinetic equation and experimental results only using NaCl as molten salt, it was revealed that the molten salt evaporation rates could play an important role on the morphologies of Na2Ti6O13. A formation mechanism was provided based on nucleation and growth model and an oriented aggregation process to understand different morphologies of Na2Ti 6O13. This simple molten salt evaporation method would be suitable for large scale synthesis
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Wei, Ting, et al.
(författare)
-
Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO2 mitigation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:32, s. 12911-12915
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference in Cancun, in November 2010, the Heads of State reached an agreement on the aim of limiting the global temperature rise to 2 degrees C relative to preindustrial levels. They recognized that long-term future warming is primarily constrained by cumulative anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, that deep cuts in global emissions are required, and that action based on equity must be taken to meet this objective. However, negotiations on emission reduction among countries are increasingly fraught with difficulty, partly because of arguments about the responsibility for the ongoing temperature rise. Simulations with two earth-system models (NCAR/CESM and BNU-ESM) demonstrate that developed countries had contributed about 60-80%, developing countries about 20-40%, to the global temperature rise, upper ocean warming, and sea-ice reduction by 2005. Enacting pledges made at Cancun with continuation to 2100 leads to a reduction in global temperature rise relative to business as usual with a 1/3-2/3 (CESM 33-67%, BNU-ESM 35-65%) contribution from developed and developing countries, respectively. To prevent a temperature rise by 2 degrees C or more in 2100, it is necessary to fill the gap with more ambitious mitigation efforts.
|
|
| 4. |
- Zhao, Zeng-Ren, et al.
(författare)
-
Significance of mRNA and Protein Expression of MAC30 in Progression of Colorectal Cancer
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - Basel : Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 57:5, s. 394-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Meningioma-associated protein (MAC30), first described to be overexpressed in meningiomas, exhibits altered expression in certain human tumors. The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of MAC30 mRNA and its correlation with clinicopathological variables in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: MAC30 mRNA expression was first examined in 55 CRCs, along with the samples from the matched distant normal and adjacent noncancerous tissue by RT-PCR, further verified in 18 CRCs by quantitative RT-PCR. MAC30 protein expression was detected by Western blot in 10 CRCs, and DNA sequencing was performed in 1 case of the paired CRC and the matched noncancerous specimen. MAC30 mRNA expression in two colon cancer cell lines, HCT-116(p53-/-) and HCT-116(p53+/+), was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The mRNA expression of MAC30 was increased in CRC when compared with distant normal (p < 0.01) and adjacent noncancerous mucosa (p < 0.01). The mean value of MAC30 mRNA expression in the tumor located in the colon was higher than in the rectum (0.677 +/- 0.419 vs. 0.412 +/- 0.162, p = 0.005). As the tumor penetrated the wall of the colon/rectum, MAC30 mRNA expression notably increased in tumors with T3+T4 stage compared to tumors with T1+T2 stage (0.571 +/- 0.364 vs. 0.404 +/- 0.115, p = 0.014). MAC30 protein expression in CRCs was also remarkably elevated compared to the adjacent noncancerous mucosa. There was no mutation in the coding region of the MAC30 gene either in CRC or in the noncancerous mucosa. mRNA expression of p53 was notably decreased in HCT-116(p53-/-) compared to HCT-116(p53+/+), while MAC30 did not vary greatly. Conclusion: The overexpression of MAC30 might be involved in the development and aggressiveness of CRCs, especially in the colon.
|
|
