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- Andersen, Torben, et al.
(författare)
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Status of the Euro50 project
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 5489:1, s. 407-416
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Euro50 is an extremely large telescope for optical and infrared wavelength with a 50 m primary mirror. It has a segmented, aspherical primary mirror and an aspherical, deformable secondary in a Gregorian layout. A tentative conceptual design exists and has been documented in a study report. Recent activities have concentrated on the science case for extremely large telescopes in the 50 m class and on identification of potential technical "show stoppers". The science case investigation has identified four fields of particular interest. The studies of critical technical issues have concentrated on atmospheric dispersion effects for high-resolution adaptive optics for extremely large telescopes, and on the influence of wind and other disturbances on wavefront control. Wind load on the telescope, the primary mirror and the enclosure has been studied using wind tunnel measurements and computational fluid dynamics. The impact of wind on the total system has been investigated using an integrated model that includes the telescope structure, the primary mirror segment alignment system, the secondary mirror alignment system, and single conjugate adaptive optics using the deformable secondary mirror. The first, tentative results show that wind disturbances may be significant and that the task of correcting for wind residuals may be at least as large for the adaptive optics system as that of correcting for atmospheric aberrations. The results suggest that use of extremely large telescopes for observations of earth-like planets around nearby stars may imply a considerable challenge
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Giron, Maria Stella T, et al.
(författare)
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The appropriateness of drug use in an older nondemented and demented population
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 49:3, s. 277-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of inappropriateness of drug use in an older nondemented and demented population. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis based on data from a sample of older subjects age 81 years and older. Data were collected from the second follow-up conducted in 1994–1996. SETTING: A population-based study of the Kungsholmen project in Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Drug information was obtained from 681 subjects with a mean age of 86.9 years. The subjects were predominantly women (78%). Thirteen percent resided in institutions and 27.6% were diagnosed with dementia. MEASUREMENTS: Dementia diagnosis based on DSM III-R. Criteria for inappropriateness of drug use: use of drugs with potent anticholinergic properties, drug duplication, potential drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, and inappropriate drug dosage. RESULTS: The mean number of drugs used was 4.6: 4.5 drugs for nondemented and 4.8 for demented subjects. Nondemented subjects more commonly used cardiovascular-system drugs and demented subjects used nervous-system drugs. Demented subjects were more commonly exposed to drug duplication and to drugs with potent anticholinergic properties, both involving the use of psychotropic drugs. Nondemented subjects were more commonly exposed to potential drug-disease interactions, mostly with the use of cardiovascular drugs. The most common drug combination leading to a potential interaction was the use of digoxin with furosemide, occurring more frequently among nondemented subjects. The most common drug-disease interaction was the use of beta-blockers and calcium antagonists in subjects with congestive heart failure. The doses of drugs taken by both nondemented and demented subjects were mostly lower than the defined daily dose. CONCLUSION: There was substantial exposure to presumptive inappropriateness of drug use in this very old nondemented and demented population. The exposure of demented subjects to psychotropic drugs and nondemented subjects to cardiovascular drugs reflect the high frequency of prescribing these drugs in this population.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ji, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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A generalized method for the solid-liquid equilibrium stage and its application in process simulation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 41, s. 2040-2046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the important need of simulations of the crystallization process in aqueous electrolyte solutions, a generalized method is proposed in this paper for predicting the solid-liquid equilibrium stage by identifying the number of phases and their identities automatically. The proposed method is also used to generate phase diagrams and crystallization paths and to provide an example of the software that can be used to design, simulate, and optimize the related process. Several cases are studied to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method for systems with hydrate, multi-ion, and complex salts.
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| 6. |
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| 8. |
- Lai, Xin-He, et al.
(författare)
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Francisella strains express hemolysins of distinct characteristics
- 2003
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1097 .- 1574-6968. ; 224:1, s. 91-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historically, Francisella strains have been described as nonhemolytic. In this study, we show by use of solid and liquid hemolysis assays that some Francisella strains have hemolytic properties. The Francisella novicida type strain U112 is hemolytic to horse erythrocytes and Francisella philomiragia type strain FSC144 is hemolytic towards both human and horse erythrocytes. The F. novicida strain U112 released a protein (novilysin A) into the culture supernatant which cross-reacted with antiserum against Escherichia coli HlyA whereas there was no similar protein detectable with this cross-reactive property from the supernatant of the F. philomiragia strain.
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| 9. |
- Liuba, Petru, et al.
(författare)
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Co-Infection with CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE and HELICOBACTER PYLORI Results in Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Enhanced VCAM-1 Expression in ApoE-Knockout Mice.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0135 .- 1018-1172. ; 40:2, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Upregulation of proinflammatory endothelial cell adhesion molecules and decreased bioactivity of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of co-infection with <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> and <i>Helicobacter pylori </i>on these two events in apoE-KO mice. <i>Methods:</i> Thirty-two apoE-KO mice, 8 weeks old, were equally divided into 4 groups. The first 2 groups were infected with either <i>C. pneumoniae</i> or <i>H. pylori,</i> while the 3rd group was infected with both <i>C. pneumoniae</i> and <i>H. pylori</i>. Mice from the 4th group and 4 wild-type mice served as controls. Thoracic and abdominal aortas were harvested after 10 weeks, and staining for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. The endothelial vasomotor responses of thoracic aortas to methacholine were studied in organ chambers in the absence and presence of <i>L</i>-NAME. The plasma levels of nitrate/nitrite were measured. <i>Results:</i> Staining for VCAM-1 was more intense at the branching sites of aortas from mice with co-infection than in mono-infected or noninfected apoE-KO mice. The relaxation responses to methacholine and the plasma levels of nitrate/nitrite were significantly less in the co-infected group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). <i>Conclusion:</i> Co-infection of apoE-KO mice with <i>C. pneumoniae</i> and <i>H. pylori</i> seems to be associated with impaired bioactivity of endothelial NO and increased expression of VCAM-1 at branching sites. The findings may suggest an additive interaction of these pathogens in atherogenesis.
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| 10. |
- Mennerick, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Selective antagonism of 5alpha-reduced neurosteroid effects at GABA(A) receptors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Molecular Pharmacology. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0026-895X .- 1521-0111. ; 65:5, s. 1191-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although neurosteroids have rapid effects on GABA(A) receptors, study of steroid actions at GABA receptors has been hampered by a lack of pharmacological antagonists. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of a steroid analog, (3alpha,5alpha)-17-phenylandrost-16-en-3-ol (17PA), that selectively antagonized neurosteroid potentiation of GABA responses. We examined 17PA using the alpha1beta2gamma2 subunit combination expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 17PA had little or no effect on baseline GABA responses but antagonized both the response augmentation and the direct gating of GABA receptors by 5alpha-reduced potentiating steroids. The effect was selective for 5alpha-reduced potentiating steroids; 5beta-reduced potentiators were only weakly affected. Likewise, 17PA did not affect barbiturate and benzodiazepine potentiation. 17PA acted primarily by shifting the concentration response for steroid potentiation to the right, suggesting the possibility of a competitive component to the antagonism. 17PA also antagonized 5alpha-reduced steroid potentiation and gating in hippocampal neurons and inhibited anesthetic actions in X. laevis tadpoles. Analogous to benzodiazepine site antagonists, the development of neurosteroid antagonists may help clarify the role of GABA-potentiating neurosteroids in health and disease.
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