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- Cheng, LT, et al.
(författare)
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Sex difference in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients
- 2009
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Ingår i: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 29:5, s. 398-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important, independent negative predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population and in dialysis patients. Previous studies suggest a sex dimorphism in the prevalence of LVH; however, this issue has never been approached in dialysis patients. <i>Methods:</i> This study enrolled 237 prevalent dialysis patients: 49 on hemodialysis (HD) and 188 on peritoneal dialysis (PD) from a single center. LVH was defined by echocardiography measurements, which were normalized to body surface area (BSA) and height<sup>2.7</sup>, respectively. <i>Results:</i> The mean ages in HD and PD patients were 60 ± 14 and 60 ± 13 years, with a median dialysis vintage of 43 and 20 months, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in age, diabetes, proportion of uncontrolled hypertension, antihypertensive medication and blood pressure between male and female patients within each dialysis modality, the prevalence of LVH (whether indexed to BSA or height<sup>2.7</sup>) was consistently higher in females than in males. When these patients were divided into LVH or non-LVH groups, a significant difference in sex distribution was observed between the two groups (62.0% vs. 41.0% when the BSA-indexed standard was used, p < 0.01; 62.8% vs. 37.1% when the height<sup>2.7</sup>-indexed standard was used, p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, female sex was identified as a risk factor of LVH (odds ratio, OR = 2.48, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.33–4.59; when BSA-indexed LVH was treated as dependent variable, and OR = 4.05, 95% CI = 1.96–8.38, when height<sup>2.7</sup>-indexed LVH was treated as dependent variable) even after adjustment for age, diabetes, blood pressure and antihypertensive medication. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study showed that the prevalence of LVH determined by echocardiography was significantly higher in female dialysis patients than in male dialysis patients. Compared with males, female patients had a 2.5- to 4-fold higher risk to develop LVH even after adjustment for other potential confounding factors, which may indicate that elderly females in the uremic scenario are more prone to develop LVH than elderly males.
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- Han, P, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of optothermionic refrigeration based on semiconductor heterojunction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Reviews. - : AIP Publishing. - 1931-9401. ; 99:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have examined the theory of optothermionic refrigeration combining the ideas of laser cooling and thermionic cooling [Mal'shukov and Chao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5570 (2001)] and its estimation on thermal energy extraction by using self-consistent calculations with the drift-diffusion model in this paper. Both the Auger and the Shockley-Read-Hall dissipation processes are considered. For GaAs/AlGaAs systems with various impurity concentrations and different widths of quantum well, it is found that the optothermionic cooler can extract thermal energy at a rate as much as 10 W/cm(2). The information to perform optothermionic refrigeration in real devices have also been provided. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.
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