| 1. |
- Ke, You, et al.
(författare)
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Defect Passivation for Red Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with Improved Brightness and Stability
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1948-7185. ; 10:3, s. 380-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient and stable red perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are important for realizing full-color display and lighting. Red PeLEDs can be achieved either by mixed-halide or low-dimensional perovskites. However, the device performance, especially the brightness, is still low owing to phase separation or poor charge transport issues. Here, we demonstrate red PeLEDs based on three-dimensional (3D) mixed-halide perovskites where the defects are passivated by using 5-aminovaleric acid. The red PeLEDs with an emission peak at 690 nm exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 8.7% and a luminance of 1408 cd m(-2). A maximum luminance of 8547 cd m(-2) can be further achieved as tuning the emission peak to 662 nm, representing the highest brightness of red PeLEDs. Moreover, those LEDs exhibit a half-life of up to 8 h under a high constant current density of 100 mA cm(-2), which is over 10 times improvement compared to literature results.
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| 2. |
- Qing, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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High-Quality Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Films Based on In Situ Formed Organic Spacer Cations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 31:41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs), consisting of alternating organic spacer layers and inorganic layers, have emerged as a promising alternative to 3D perovskites for both photovoltaic and light-emitting applications. The organic spacer layers provide a wide range of new possibilities to tune the properties and even provide new functionalities for RPPs. However, the preparation of state-of-the-art RPPs requires organic ammonium halides as the starting materials, which need to be ex situ synthesized. A novel approach to prepare high-quality RPP films through in situ formation of organic spacer cations from amines is presented. Compared with control devices fabricated from organic ammonium halides, this new approach results in similar (and even better) device performance for both solar cells and light-emitting diodes. High-quality RPP films are fabricated based on different types of amines, demonstrating the universality of the approach. This approach not only represents a new pathway to fabricate efficient devices based on RPPs, but also provides an effective method to screen new organic spacers with further improved performance.
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| 3. |
- Cui, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Over 16% efficiency organic photovoltaic cells enabled by a chlorinated acceptor with increased open-circuit voltages
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broadening the optical absorption of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials by enhancing the intramolecular push-pull effect is a general and effective method to improve the power conversion efficiencies of OPV cells. However, in terms of the electron acceptors, the most common molecular design strategy of halogenation usually results in down-shifted molecular energy levels, thereby leading to decreased open-circuit voltages in the devices. Herein, we report a chlorinated non-fullerene acceptor, which exhibits an extended optical absorption and meanwhile displays a higher voltage than its fluorinated counterpart in the devices. This unexpected phenomenon can be ascribed to the reduced non-radiative energy loss (0.206 eV). Due to the simultaneously improved short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage, a high efficiency of 16.5% is achieved. This study demonstrates that finely tuning the OPV materials to reduce the bandgap-voltage offset has great potential for boosting the efficiency.
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| 4. |
- Cui, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Wide-gap non-fullerene acceptor enabling high-performance organic photovoltaic cells for indoor applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: NATURE ENERGY. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2058-7546. ; 4:9, s. 768-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic photovoltaic cells are potential candidates to drive low power consumption off-grid electronics for indoor applications. However, their power conversion efficiency is still limited by relatively large losses in the open-circuit voltage and a non-optimal absorption spectrum for indoor illumination. Here, we carefully designed a non-fullerene acceptor named IO-4CI and blend it with a polymer donor named PBDB-TF to obtain a photoactive layer whose absorption spectrum matches that of indoor light sources. The photovoltaic characterizations reveal a low energy loss below 0.60 eV. As a result, the organic photovoltaic cell (1 cm(2)) shows a power conversion efficiency of 26.1% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.10 V under a light-emitting diode illumination of 1,000 lux (2,700 K). We also fabricated a large-area cell (4 cm(2)) through the blade-coating method. Our cell shows an excellent stability, maintaining its initial photovoltaic performance under continuous illumination of the indoor light source for 1,000 hours.
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| 5. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:5, s. 459-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 6. |
- Li, Nana, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and electronic phase transitions of Co2Te3O8 spiroffite under high pressure
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 99:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural and electronic phase transitions of Co2Te3O8 spiroffite have been studied with a suite of in situ high-pressure characterization techniques including synchrotron x-ray diffraction, Raman, x-ray emission spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption, and electrical transport measurement. Two pressure-induced phase transitions were observed at about 6.9 and 14.4 GPa. The first transition is attributed to a small spin transition of Co along with discontinuity in unit-cell volume change, while the second one represents a first-order phase transition with a volume collapse of 4.5%. The latter transition is accompanied by the relaxation of distortion in CoO6 octahedron, which enhances the crystal-field strength inhibiting the occurrence of spin transition. What is more, the competition between contributions of electrons and oxygen ion to the overall conductivity is observed and affected by the phase transition under high pressure. This demonstration provides insights into the relationship between the lattice-structural and spin degrees of freedom, and highlights the impact of pressure on the control of structural and electronic states of a given material for optimized functionalities.
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| 7. |
- Liu, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Modulating Structure Ordering via Side-Chain Engineering of Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-Based Electron Acceptors for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Reduced Energy Losses
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 11:38, s. 35193-35200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonfullerene-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have made a huge breakthrough in the recent years. Introducing a proper side chain on the pi-conjugated backbone plays a vital role for further improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs due to easy tuning of the physical properties of the molecule such as absorption, energetic level, solid-state stacking, and charge transportation. More importantly, the side chain significantly affected the blend films morphology and thus determined the PCEs of the devices. In this work, two low-band-gap nonfullerene acceptors, ATT-4 and ATT-5, with an alkyl or branched alkyl substitute on indacenodithiophene (IDT) and thieno[3,4-b]thiophene (TbT) backbone were synthesized for investigating the effect of the substituent on the performance of the nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). In comparison to ATT-1 with p-hexylphenyl-substituted IDT and n-octyl-substituted TbT moieties, ATT-4 and ATT-5 exhibit better crystallinity with shorter interchain distance and ordered molecular structure in neat and the corresponding blend films. The tailored ATT-5 exhibits a high PCE of 12.36% with a V-oc of 0.93 V, J(sc) of 18.86 mA cm(-2), and fill factor (FF) of 0.71, blending with a wide-band-gap polymer donor PBDB-T. Remarkably, although ATT-4 and ATT-5 exhibit broader light absorption, the devices obtained higher V-oc than that of ATT-1 mainly due to the reduced nonradiative recombination in the blend films. These results implied that side-chain engineering is an efficient approach to regulate the electronic structure and molecular packing of NFAs, which can well match with polymer donor, and obtain high PCEs of the OSCs with improved V-oc, J(sc), and FF, simultaneously.
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| 8. |
- Upreti, Tanvi, et al.
(författare)
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Experimentally Validated Hopping-Transport Model for Energetically Disordered Organic Semiconductors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2331-7019. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Charge transport in disordered organic semiconductors occurs by hopping of charge carriers between localized sites that are randomly distributed in a strongly energy-dependent density of states. Extracting disorder and hopping parameters from experimental data, such as temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics, typically relies on parametrized mobility functionals that are integrated in a drift-diffusion solver. Surprisingly, the functional based on the extended Gaussian disorder model (eGDM) is extremely successful at this, despite it being based on the assumption of nearest neighbor hopping (nnH) on a regular lattice. We here propose a variable-range hopping (VRH) model that is integrated in a freeware drift-diffusion solver. The mobility model is calibrated using kinetic Monte Carlo calculations and shows good agreement with the Monte Carlo calculations over the experimentally relevant part of the parameter space. The model is applied to temperature-dependent space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements of different systems. In contrast to the eGDM, the VRH model provides a consistent description of both p- and n-type devices. We find a critical ratio of a(NN)/alpha (mean intersite distance:localization radius) of about three, below which hopping to non-nearest neighbors becomes important around room temperature and the eGDM cannot be used for parameter extraction. Typical (Gaussian) disorder values in the range 45-120 meV are found, without any clear correlation with photovoltaic performance, when the same active layer is used in an organic solar cell.
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