| 1. |
- Cantor-Graae, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological assessment of schizophrenic patients during a psychotic episode: persistent cognitive deficit?
- 1995
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 91:4, s. 238-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropsychological test performance and clinical symptoms were assessed in 14 schizophrenic patients at admission to and discharge from an acute inpatient psychiatric service. Despite significant clinical improvement at discharge, no major change in cognitive performance was observed. Furthermore, patients at discharge were significantly impaired compared with normal control subjects case-matched for gender, age, handedness and level of education. The results suggest that some degree of cognitive impairment may be relatively independent from schizophrenic symptoms and that such impairment may represent part of a residual enduring "trait" vulnerability.
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| 2. |
- Johanson, Aki, et al.
(författare)
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Brain function in spider phobia
- 1998
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 84:2-3, s. 101-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were performed in 16 women suffering from spider phobia. The non-invasive 133Xe inhalation method, giving information about the blood flow of superficial areas, was used. The subjects were studied under three conditions: during resting, when exposed to a videotape showing nature scenery, and finally when watching a video with living spiders. During the rCBF measurements the subjects' behaviour was registered systematically and respiration, blood pressure, Pco2, and heart rate were monitored. Eight subjects who showed and reported severe panic during the spider exposure had marked rCBF decreases in frontal areas, especially in the right hemisphere. The remaining eight subjects displayed a more efficient control of their emotions and became frightened, but not panic-stricken, during the spider exposure. These showed a consistent rCBF increase in the right frontal area compared to neutral stimulation. Thus, results revealed significant functional changes in the frontal cortex in subjects with spider phobia during phobogenic exposure. It seems likely that these frontal changes are related to the experience and control of phobic anxiety.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Liu, X, et al.
(författare)
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Synapse density related to cerebral blood flow and symptomatology in frontal lobe degeneration and Alzheimer's disease
- 1999
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 10:Suppl 1, s. 64-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to evaluate the functional significance of synaptic pathology, synaptic density was quantitated and related to clinical symptomatology and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 8 patients with frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type (FLD) and 19 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic density was measured in all layers of prefrontal and parietal cortex. The clinical picture of FLD was dominated by a frontal lobe syndrome with changes in personality and behavior, while AD was dominated by temporoparietal symptoms. This parallels the finding of frontal rCBF reductions in FLD patients and temporoparietal reductions in AD patients. Synaptic density was significantly decreased in both FLD and AD, with a regional severity which closely correlated with that of the degeneration, symptomatology and rCBF deficit. The results suggest that synaptic pathology is a likely cause of clinical symptoms and regional metabolic decrement in dementia.
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| 6. |
- Passant, U, et al.
(författare)
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Orthostatic hypotension and low blood pressure in organic dementia : a study of prevalence and related clinical characteristics.
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 12:3, s. 395-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH), low blood pressure and dizziness, falls and fractures in patients with organic dementia.DESIGN: We prospectively studied 151 patients, assessing the prevalence of OH, hypertension, heart disorders, diabetes mellitus and the use of medication possibly associated with OH.SETTING: The patients were admitted to our psychogeriatric clinic as part of routine clinical investigation of their dementia.PATIENTS: Forty-six patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 28 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 77 patients with vascular dementia (VaD) were investigated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Due to the paucity of information about the prevalence of OH in organic dementia, this study is mainly explorative in nature, thus preventing explicit hypothesis formulation. However, clinical impressions indicated a higher prevalence of OH in organic dementia than normally seen in healthy elderly.RESULTS: OH/low blood pressure was present in 39-52% of the patients. The majority reached their maximum systolic decrease within 5 minutes of standing, but in 20-30% the maximum blood pressure drop occurred after 5 minutes or later. In 38%, the systolic blood pressure drop was more than 40 mm Hg. Hypertension and heart disease was found only in AD and VaD, with no difference between those with and without OH/low blood pressure. Falls and fractures were common in orthostatic and hypotensive patients, with an incidence of more than 50% in AD and VaD.CONCLUSIONS: The results support our clinical impressions that OH and low blood pressure is common and an important factor in organic dementia.
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| 7. |
- Passant, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Orthostatic hypotension and low blood pressure in organic dementia: a study of prevalence and related clinical characteristics
- 1998
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - 1099-1166. ; 12:3, s. 395-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH), low blood pressure and dizziness, falls and fractures in patients with organic dementia. DESIGN: We prospectively studied 151 patients, assessing the prevalence of OH, hypertension, heart disorders, diabetes mellitus and the use of medication possibly associated with OH. SETTING: The patients were admitted to our psychogeriatric clinic as part of routine clinical investigation of their dementia. PATIENTS: Forty-six patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 28 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 77 patients with vascular dementia (VaD) were investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Due to the paucity of information about the prevalence of OH in organic dementia, this study is mainly explorative in nature, thus preventing explicit hypothesis formulation. However, clinical impressions indicated a higher prevalence of OH in organic dementia than normally seen in healthy elderly. RESULTS: OH/low blood pressure was present in 39-52% of the patients. The majority reached their maximum systolic decrease within 5 minutes of standing, but in 20-30% the maximum blood pressure drop occurred after 5 minutes or later. In 38%, the systolic blood pressure drop was more than 40 mm Hg. Hypertension and heart disease was found only in AD and VaD, with no difference between those with and without OH/low blood pressure. Falls and fractures were common in orthostatic and hypotensive patients, with an incidence of more than 50% in AD and VaD. CONCLUSIONS: The results support our clinical impressions that OH and low blood pressure is common and an important factor in organic dementia.
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| 8. |
- Passant, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Orthostatic hypotension in organic dementia: relationship between blood pressure, cortical blood flow and symptoms
- 1996
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Ingår i: Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society. ; 6:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in 35 patients with organic dementia (Alzheimer's disease, n = 13, vascular dementia, n = 17, frontotemporal dementia, n = 5) and orthostatic hypotension. Measurements were performed during supine rest and during head-up tilt (60 degrees). Despite marked blood pressure falls, few patients had symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. All three dementia groups had a decrease in regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal lobes during head-up tilt, but no change in mean hemispheric flow. All patients had a consistent drop in their systolic blood pressure upon head-up tilt, with a wide variation over time. The findings suggest that orthostatic hypotension needs to be considered, and actively sought for, in organic dementia as many patients may lack the typical symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, despite a marked fall in blood pressure.
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| 9. |
- Warkentin, Siegbert, et al.
(författare)
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Functional imaging of the frontal lobes in organic dementia. Regional cerebral blood flow findings in normals, in patients with frontotemporal dementia and in patients with Alzheimer's disease, performing a word fluency test
- 1997
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 8:2, s. 105-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterns of functional cortical activation were studied by means of regional cerebral blood flow measurements, performed during rest and during a word fluency task in normal subjects (n = 22), in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 17), and in patients with frontotemporal dementia (n = 15). Although all groups showed a significant activation of the Broca's area during word production, the activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was clearly subnormal in both dementia groups. The frontal dysfunction was not explained by number of words produced, illness duration, or age. Thus, the results demonstrate that the word fluency task is a sensitive measure of frontal lobe function, and its incorporation in imaging studies may facilitate the detection of subtle functional impairment of the frontal lobes in organic dementia.
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