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- Brolin, Karin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A prestudy of the potential of using finite element analysis for understanding horse accidents
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This prestudy is an investigation into the potential of using the THUMS [5] model and LS-Dyna [6] simulations to understand the risk of thorax injury in horse related accidents such as horse kicks, tramples, falls from horse backs or rotational falls. A simple model of a security vest was also developed for the THUMS model, to facilitate injury risk comparisons with and without the vest. The severity of thorax injuries was quantified by measuring local stresses and strains in the cortical bone of the ribs, as well as the total deformation of the thorax, measured with Dmax and DcTHOR [2]. This prestudy attempt to answer five questions:•What is the worst location on the chest to be trampled by a horse with respect to rib fractures?•How does the stiffness of the ground compound affect the risk of rib fractures when trampled by a horse?•How does the risk of thorax injuries vary when falling off a horseback in different angles?•How does the momentum of a horse kick affect the risk of thorax injury on the THUMS model with and without a protective vest?•How can a rotational fall be modelled and how severe is the injury outcome?Simulations were set up in LS-Dyna with the THUMS model representing the human body with different environments built up around it representing the scenarios in the five questions. The structure of the report follows the five questions through both the method and results sections.
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| 2. |
- Brolin, Karin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Explicit finite element methods for equestrian applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7058 .- 1877-7058. ; 147, s. 275-280
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A virtual human body model (HBM), developed for vehicle crash simulations, was used to conduct a pilot study of dangerous accidents that occur in equestrian sports. It was performed to illustrate the potential that the explicit finite element (FE) HBMs have to improve rider safety and to assess the protective capacity of the safety vest. Four different questions were addressed: 1. When a rider is trampled by a horse, how does the risk of injury vary with chest impact location? 2. Does a safety-vest provide protection if the rider is kicked by a horse and does the protection vary with the violence of the hoof impact? 3. Can a safety-vest provide any benefit when the rider is hit by the horse after a rotational fall? 4. How does the risk for thoracic injuries vary when the rider falls off the back of a horse at different angles? The HBM was the Total Human Model for Safety AM50 version 3.0 (Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan), improved for thorax injury predictability in a previous automotive project. The FE code was LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corporation, USA). Models of a generic safety vest, a horse impactor and a hoof were developed as part of this project. The risk of thorax injury was evaluated with stresses and strains measured for each rib, and the chest deformation criteria Dmax and DcTHOR. 1. The risk of injury was higher for hoof impacts close to the sternum compared to more lateral locations that had up to 25% less risk. Hence, this knowledge could be used to optimize novel safety-vest designs with HBM simulations. 2. Yes, the safety-vest provided protection against horse kicks, and it varied with the violence of the kick. Therefore, if the range of impact energy that occurs in real-world accidents is known, HBM simulations can be used to optimize the vest material properties. 3. No, the safety-vest did not provide any benefit when the horse lands on top of the rider. This conclusion suggests that safety measures should focus on preventing this type of accident, rather than designing personal protection for the rider. 4. When the rider falls with the head first, the number of predicted rib fractures increases compared to flat falls. However, the model predicts rib fractures for all of the falls simulated from a height of 1.5 meters for a rider without a safety vest. To conclude, FE HBMs have the potential to improve equestrian safety and further studies on equestrian safety-vests designs are warranted. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Henning Loeb, Ingrid, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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‘Clear educational routes’: An example of conservative modernization in Swedish upper secondary schools
- 2015
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Ingår i: Policy Futures in Education. - : SAGE Publications. - 1478-2103. ; 13:7, s. 854-869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article concerns the development of education for young students in Sweden who do not attend regular pathways in upper secondary education, and analyses the changes of educational policy and the organizing of teaching for this group of students. The centre of interest is the upper secondary educational reform carried out in 2011. With this reform, a structure of five ‘clear educational routes’ was established for students who did not fulfil the eligibility requirements for the regular programmes. We show how, since the reform of 2011, two diverse national policies have co-existed regarding the organizing of studies for students outside the regular programmes: on the one hand a policy with imperatives of clarity, and on the other hand indistinct guidelines and with delegation. A survey of municipalities in two districts on the local organizing of the introductory programmes provides results. In this new era of ‘clear educational routes’ an increasingly differentiated, ambiguous and fragmented upper secondary school system is taking shape.
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| 5. |
- Henning Loeb, Ingrid, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktionsprogrammen i gymnasieskolan
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lindblad, S. & Lundahl, L. (red.). Utbildning - makt och politik.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144076836 ; , s. 81-96
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Lumsden Wass, Karin, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Att integrera skola och arbete - Utmaningar i vårdlärares möte med nyanlända
- 2019
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Ingår i: Att utveckla utbildningspraktiker. Analys, förståelse och förändring genom teorin om praktikarkitekturer. I. Henning Loeb, L. Langelotz & K. Rönnerman. (red). - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144132129 ; , s. 217-240
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Individualisation in the making: policy complexities and tensions of the Municipal Adult Education in Swedish for Immigrants
- 2019
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Ingår i: ESREA 9th Triennial European Research Conference, 19-22 September 2019, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Municipal adult education in Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) is a program expected to serve different purposes on the political, integrative, and educational level. The multifaceted character of SFI creates challenges that have been addressed by a substantial number of studies. Major policy bodies, such as the program syllabus and the latest state evaluation, emphasise individualisation as an effective response to challenges and identify it, among others, with the application of certain methods and tools on behalf of the teachers (e.g., the use of Individual Study Plans), the absence of which leads to reduced quality and is followed by negative outcomes on different levels. Nevertheless, previous research has shown that this line of argumentation ascribes teachers with a disproportionate burden of responsibility, as individualisation is conceptualised in a top-down manner, assuming pre-existing problems that policy is bound to address and a certain type of rationality for teachers as policy implementers. The paper argues for the need to problematise individualisation as a complex concept, i.e. as an element that both defines the conditions within which SFI is to take place and, most importantly, may potentially go against pre-existing values and practices, pose ethical and ideological challenges to teachers, and require a new sort of teacher competence. By employing Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) we adopt the view of society as a unit of numerous interacting activity systems. Key policies from different periods of the national Swedish and international context have been analysed to uncover tensions within and between elements of the activities in focus, such as contradictory policy inputs or tensions between the expected use of tools and inputs regulating the division of labour with regards to teachers’ work. The preliminary results identify tensions between policy inputs and, thus, illuminate spaces where individualisation is conceptualised, negotiated, and expected to be acted upon. In situating and examining individualisation vis à vis interacting activities we problematise it by looking into the interplay between policy and teachers’ work in a broader conceptual framework. Dealing with individualisation as a dialectical notion enables us to address it as not only related to individual teachers’ assets and their ability to implement but rather as a source of tensions and an element negotiated within and between various arenas. The search for tensions, in this sense, does not only reveal mismatches in the policy formulation of individualisation but also uncovers potential areas for development by providing a more nuanced image of the concept. In this way, our study adds to the discussion about the restructuring of adult education in Sweden and the possible ways to address contemporary challenges in the field.
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