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- Haandrikman, Karen, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Geographical Variation in Local Gender Contracts in Sweden
- 2021
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In: Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-463X .- 1874-4621. ; 14, s. 679-701
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite Sweden’s national gender-neutral family and social policies, local differences in gender contracts exist and have been related to differences in the structure of the labour market and cultural traditions. Existing studies are outdated and used relatively large administratively defined areas, which may lead to several measurement and interpretation errors. This paper examines geographical variation in gender contracts in present-day Sweden using individualized neighbourhoods on different scales. Gender contracts are operationalized using six indicators on the level of family, politics and labour. We identify five types of local gender contracts: the metropolitan gender contract, the progressive gender contract, the suburban gender contract, the commuter gender contract and the traditional gender contract. The most gender equal patterns are found in metropolitan and other urban areas, with high shares of fathers taking parental leave and the highest shares of women with high education and gainful employment, and low shares of young mothers. The analyses give evidence of considerable local variation instead of a dominant gender contract in each region. The findings may stimulate further research and local policies on gender inequality.
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| 2. |
- Webster, Natasha A., 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Centering social-technical relations in studying platform urbanism : intersectionality for just futures in European cities
- 2021
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In: Urban Transformations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-8162. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Platform-based services are rapidly transforming urban work, lives and spaces around the world. The rise of platforms dependent on largely expendable labour relations, with significant migrant involvement, must be seen as connected, and as replicating larger social processes rather than merely technological changes. This perspective paper urgently calls for an intersectional perspective to better understand social-technical relations crossing the digital-urban interface of platform urbanism in contemporary European cities. Critics of platforms and gig work, to date, have mainly focused on algorithms-based social control, degraded working conditions, problematic employment relations and precariousness of gig work. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has both disrupted and amplified these issues, intensifying the vulnerability of gig workers. For example, in Sweden, migrant groups and gig workers were separately identified as being hardest hit by Covid, but with little attention to the interconnectivity between these categories, nor to how these groups are co-positioned vis-a-vis larger socio-economic inequalities. Thus, we argue for a deeper understanding of the social processes underlying platforms and for active investigation of how inequalities are being produced and/or maintained in/by these processes. Urban planners, designers and policy makers will need to actively address the hybrid (digital and physical) urban spaces produced in platform urbanism in order to prevent spatial and economic inequalities. We argue for a stronger recognition of interrelated and overlapping social categories such as gender and migrant status as central to the construction of mutually constitutive systems of oppression and discrimination produced in and through the platform urbanism.
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| 3. |
- Webster, Natasha A., 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Space and place in immigrant entrepreneurship literature in the Nordic countries : A systematic literature review
- 2021
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In: Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0029-1951 .- 1502-5292. ; 75:4, s. 221-236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent decades, immigrant entrepreneurship research has developed from exploring a niche economic activity to being a lens through which to explore wider social and economic processes. As the topic grows in importance, research on immigrant entrepreneurship in Nordic contexts is joining these trends, but the unique settings of the region might have been neglected. Space and place underpin many explorations of immigrant entrepreneurship in the Nordic countries, from absolute conceptions of space and place to sensitive portraits of social complexity. Thus, the question the authors address is how space and place are articulated, presented, and interpreted within immigrant entrepreneurship literature in and about the Nordic context. From a systematic literature review of academic articles covering Nordic countries and immigrant entrepreneurship between 2000 and 2019, they found that space and place play a role in immigrant entrepreneurship in Nordic research. However, opportunities remain to engage theoretically with these concepts in order to develop research aimed at understanding immigrant entrepreneurship in the Nordic countries and contribute to a growing need to understand space and place in entrepreneurial activities generally. The authors conclude that there are five potential strategies for incorporating space and place in future research.
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