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- Ericsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of magnetic field variations in the human brain using a 3D-FT multiple gradient echo technique.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - 0740-3194 .- 1522-2594. ; 33:2, s. 171-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A magnetic resonance 3DFT multiple gradient-echo technique was used for measurements of the proton spectrum for each voxel in the measured slice. Water, fat, magnetic field and T2 distributions in the head of a normal volunteer and a patient with intracerebral hematoma were computed. Magnetic field variations caused by the head were calculated after correction for the static magnetic field inhomogeneity. Large local magnetic field variations up to 3 ppm were found in the human brain near interfaces between air or bone and brain tissues and 0.5 ppm between hematoma and brain tissue. Information about magnetic field variations could be useful for shimming procedures in vivo and for correcting artifacts in imaging and spectroscopy.
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- Kass, GEN, et al.
(författare)
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Chromatin condensation during apoptosis requires ATP
- 1996
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Ingår i: The Biochemical journal. - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 318318 ( Pt 3), s. 749-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The processes leading to morphological changes of the chromatin in cells that undergo apoptosis are presently unclear. We have recently shown that chromatin fragmentation and the nuclear morphological changes typically seen in apoptosis were reproduced in an in vitro system comprised of isolated rat thymocyte nuclei incubated in the presence of a lysate from Fas/APO-1-stimulated JURKAT cells [Chow, Weis, Kass, Holmström, Eriksson and Orrenius (1995) FEBS Lett. 364, 134–138]. Using this in vitro system, we now report that the presence of ATP is necessary for chromatin condensation, its movement to the nuclear periphery and apoptotic body formation. In clear contrast, chromatin cleavage into high-molecular-mass and oligonucleosomal-length DNA fragments induced by lysates derived from Fas/APO-1-activated JURKAT cells did not require the presence of ATP. The induction of these morphological changes by ATP could not be substituted by the analogues, adenosine 5´-[β,γ-methylene]triphosphate and adenosine 5´-[α,β-methylene]-triphosphate, AMP, cAMP and UTP. However, adenosine 5´-[γ-thio]triphosphate, and to a lesser degree GTP and ADP, could partially replace ATP in inducing nuclear apoptotic morphological changes. It is concluded that ATP is essential for the morphological changes occurring in nuclei during apoptosis, but not for DNA fragmentation.
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