| 1. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 2. |
- Stegmayr, Bernd, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Using the World Apheresis Association Registry Helps to Improve the Treatment Quality of Therapeutic Apheresis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. - : S. Karger. - 1660-3796 .- 1660-3818. ; 48:4, s. 234-239
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Therapeutic apheresis (TA) is prescribed to patients that suffer from a severe progressive disease that is not sufficiently treated by conventional medications. A way to gain more knowledge about this treatment is usually by the local analysis of data. However, the use of large quality assessment registries enables analyses of even rare findings. Here, we report some of the recent data from the World Apheresis Association (WAA) registry. Data from >104,000 procedures were documented, and TA was performed on >15,000 patients. The main indication for TA was the collection of autologous stem cells (45% of patients) as part of therapy for therapy. Collection of stem cells from donors for allogeneic transplantation was performed in 11% of patients. Patients with indications such as neurological diseases underwent plasma exchange (28%). Extracorporeal photochemotherapy, lipid apheresis, and antibody removal were other indications. Side effects recorded in the registry have decreased significantly over the years, with approximately only 10/10,000 procedures being interrupted for medical reasons. Conclusion: Collection of data from TA procedures within a multinational and multicenter concept facilitates the improvement of treatment by enabling the analysis of and feedback on indications, procedures, effects, and side effects. (c) 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 3. |
- Thomas, Jean-Baptiste, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of cultivation deployment- and harvest-timing, location and depth on growth and composition of Saccharina latissima at the Swedish west coast
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study has been conducted to shed light on the effect of cultivation parameters on growth and chemical composition of Saccharina latissima. Longline cultivation took place at two separate locations in the Koster ar-chipelago on the Swedish west coast, centred around three experiments that explored duration of pre-deployment hatchery processes (Exp 1), deployment and harvest time-frames (Exp 2), and cultivation at 2 m vs. 4 m depth (Exp 3). For all experiments the effects of these parameters were evaluated in terms of size/weight of specimens, and for experiments Exp 2 and Exp 3, concentrations of moisture, ash, carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, phlorotannins and common heavy metals were determined. The specific parameters used in this study are likely to vary from site to site, nevertheless trends were observed that resonate in the literature, and these lead to some general recommendations. The weight of harvested kelp blades was higher for the later harvest, earlier deployment and when grown at a shallower depth. Carbohydrates concentration increased with later harvests and at shallower depth. Later harvests also increased the concen-tration of phlorotannin, while ash and total fatty acids decreased. Protein and fucoidan content was higher for the deeper lines. Growth and chemical composition of the seaweeds showed only minor differences between the two study sites, mostly relating to heavy metal content.
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| 4. |
- Welander, Jakob, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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A field ionizer for photodetachment studies of negative ions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 93:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present an apparatus for studies into the photodetachment process of atomic negative ions. State-selective detection of the residual atom following the initial photodetachment step is achieved by combining resonant laser excitation of the photo-detached atom with electric field ionization. The resonance ionization technique in combination with a co-linear ion–laser beam geometry gives an experimental apparatus that has both high selectivity and sensitivity. In addition to measurements of a single selected partial photodetachment channel, the apparatus also can be used to study a manifold of photodetachment channels in which the residual atom is left in a high-lying Rydberg state and for investigation of the double electron-detachment process. Ion-optical simulations in SIMION are used to illustrate the operation of the apparatus for studying such processes. Successful performance of the apparatus against the simulation is demonstrated by a high resolution study of the photodetachment of cesium, where the sharp s-wave threshold of the photodetachment processes leaving the residual atom in the excited 6p state was investigated.
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