| 1. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Wengreen, H J, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant intake and cognitive function of elderly men and women: the Cache County Study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The journal of nutrition, health & aging. - 1279-7707. ; 11:3, s. 230-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We prospectively examined associations between intakes of antioxidants (vitamins C, vitamin E, and carotene) and cognitive function and decline among elderly men and women of the Cache County Study on Memory and Aging in Utah. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: In 1995, 3831 residents 65 years of age or older completed a baseline survey that included a food frequency questionnaire and cognitive assessment. Cognitive function was assessed using an adapted version of the Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS) at baseline and at three subsequent follow-up interviews spanning approximately 7 years. Multivariable-mixed models were used to estimate antioxidant nutrient effects on average 3MS score over time. RESULTS: Increasing quartiles of vitamin C intake alone and combined with vitamin E were associated with higher baseline average 3MS scores (p-trend = 0.013 and 0.02 respectively); this association appeared stronger for food sources compared to supplement or food and supplement sources combined. Study participants with lower levels of intake of vitamin C, vitamin E and carotene had a greater acceleration of the rate of 3MS decline over time compared to those with higher levels of intake. CONCLUSION: High antioxidant intake from food and supplement sources of vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotene may delay cognitive decline in the elderly.
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| 5. |
- Goodwin, Graham C., et al.
(författare)
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Robust Identification of Process Models from Plant Data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Process Control. - : Elsevier. - 0959-1524. ; 18:9, s. 810-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A precursor to any advanced control solution is the step of obtaining an accurate model of the process. Suitable models can be obtained from phenomenological reasoning, analysis of plant data or a combination of both. Here, we will focus on the problem of estimating (or calibrating) models from plant data. A key goal is to achieve robust identification. By robust we mean that small errors in the hypotheses should lead to small errors in the estimated models. We argue that, in some circumstances, it is essential that special precautions, including discarding some part of the data, be taken to ensure that robustness is preserved. We present several practical case studies to illustrate the results.
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| 6. |
- Kawamura, Harukiyo, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A165b is a weak in vitro agonist for VEGF receptor-2 due to lack of coreceptor binding and deficient regulation of kinase activity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 68:12, s. 4683-4692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A165b is a COOH-terminal splice variant of VEGF-A that has been implicated in negative regulation of angiogenesis. We compared the properties of VEGF-A165b with those of VEGF-A121, VEGF-A145, and VEGF-A165. Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in VEGFR-2 differed between the VEGF ligands as determined by tryptic phosphopeptide mapping and by use of phosphosite-specific antibodies. VEGF-A165b was considerably poorer in inducing phosphorylation of the positive regulatory site Y1052 in VEGFR-2. Whereas this did not affect activation of VEGFR-2 in vitro, we show that VEGF-A165b failed to induce vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis in differentiating embryonic stem cells and vascularization of s.c. Matrigel plugs. In addition, the ability of the different VEGF ligands to induce angiogenesis correlated with their abilities to bind the VEGF coreceptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1). Our data indicate that loss of VEGFR-2/NRP1 complex formation and Y1052 phosphorylation contribute to the lack of angingenic properties of VEGF-A165b.
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| 7. |
- Mellberg, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional profiling reveals a critical role for tyrosine phosphatase VE-PTP in regulation of VEGFR2 activity and endothelial cell morphogenesis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The FASEB journal. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 23:5, s. 1490-1502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To define molecular events accompanying formation of the 3-dimensional (3D) vascular tube, we have characterized gene expression during vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tubular morphogenesis of endothelial cells. Microarray analyses were performed comparing gene induction in growth-arrested, tube-forming endothelial cells harvested from 3D collagen cultures to that in proliferating endothelial cells cultured on fibronectin. Differentially expressed genes were clustered and analyzed for specific endothelial expression through publicly available datasets. We validated the contribution of one of the identified genes, vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), to endothelial morphogenesis. Silencing of VE-PTP expression was accompanied by increased VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways. The increased VEGFR2 activity promoted endothelial cell cycle progression, overcoming the G(0)/G(1) arrest associated with organization into tubular structures in the 3D cultures. Proximity ligation showed close association between VEGFR2 and VE-PTP in resting cells. Activation of VEGFR2 by VEGF led to rapid loss of association, which was resumed with time in parallel with decreased receptor activity. In conclusion, we have identified genes, which may serve critical functions in formation of the vascular tube. One of these, VE-PTP, regulates VEGFR2 activity thereby modulating the VEGF-response during angiogenesis.
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| 8. |
- Welsh, R C, et al.
(författare)
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Time to treatment and the impact of a physician on prehospital management of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction : insights from the ASSENT-3 PLUS trial
- 2005
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 91:11, s. 1400-1406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:To assess the impact of variation in prehospital care across distinct health care environments in ASSENT (assessment of the safety and efficacy of a new thrombolytic) -3 PLUS, a large (n = 1639) contemporary multicentred international trial of prehospital fibrinolysis. Specifically, the objectives were to assess predictors of time to treatment, whether components of time to treatment vary across countries, and the impact of physician presence before hospitalisation on time to treatment, adherence to protocol, and clinical events.METHODS:Patient characteristics associated with early treatment (< or = 2 hours), comparison of international variation in time to treatment, and components of delay were assessed. Trial specific patient data were linked with site specific survey responses.RESULTS:Younger age, slower heart rate, lower systolic blood pressure, and prior percutaneous coronary intervention were associated with early treatment. Country of origin accounted for the largest proportion of variation in time. Intercountry heterogeneity was shown in components of elapsed time to treatment. Physicians in the prehospital setting enrolled 63.8% of patients. The presence of a physician was associated with greater adherence to protocol mandated treatments and procedures but with delay in time to treatment (120 v 108 minutes, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION:Country of enrollment accounted for the largest proportion of variation in time to treatment and intercountry heterogeneity modulated components of delay. The effectiveness and safety of prehospital fibrinolysis was not influenced by the presence of a physician. These data, acquired in diverse health care environments, provide new understanding into the components of prehospital treatment delay and the opportunities to further reduce time to fibrinolysis for patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction.
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