| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 2. |
- Ivert, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate partner violence and the Nordic paradox
- 2019
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Ingår i: Presented at Violence regimes: Conceptualisations, contestations, challenges.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a major public health problem in countries aroundthe world, including the Nordic region. Contrary to what would be expected, as the Nordic countries arerated among the most gender equal in the world, survey data suggests that the lifetime prevalence ratesof IPVAW in Sweden and neighboring Nordic countries are among the highest in the EU. Within thescope of our research project we explore this apparent Nordic paradox by using a combination ofquantitative and qualitative methods, with a special focus on Sweden and Spain. Findings from the firststudies indicate that the higher prevalence of IPVAW in Sweden than in Spain are not the result ofmeasurement bias, and thus support the idea of the Nordic paradox. However, multilevel analysis showsthat while significant differences in country averages exist with regard to IPVAW, country of residencedoes not discriminate very well with regards to individual experiences of IPVAW in cross-nationalcomparisons. The relationship between experiences of IPVAW and country-level gender equality isweak and heterogeneous. Meanwhile, review studies of qualitative Nordic research on IPVAW, and ofother research on IPVAW in Sweden, point not only to advancements made but also to remaininglimitations and challenges in prevention an addressing of IPVAW in Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Persmark, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intersectional inequalities and the U.S. opioid crisis : challenging dominant narratives and revealing heterogeneities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Critical Public Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0958-1596 .- 1469-3682. ; 30:4, s. 398-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dominant narratives of prescription opioid misuse (POM) in the U.S. have portrayed it as an issue primarily affecting White communities. In this study we explore POM as reported in data from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, using an intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA). We map the risk of POM through a series of multilevel models with individuals (N = 43,409) nested within strata formed by the intersections of gender, race/ethnicity, income, and age. We find meaningful heterogeneity between and within strata. The ten strata with the greatest risk for POM were comprised of individuals identifying as White, African American, and non-White Hispanic, and included individuals of low, medium, and high income. We uncover intersections of social position with high risk for POM that are often excluded from dominant narratives, including young high-income African American women. Intersectional approaches are essential for advancing our understanding of health inequalities and unfolding epidemics such as that of POM in the U.S.
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| 4. |
- Persmark, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Precision public health: mapping socioeconomic disparities in opioid dispensations at Swedish pharmacies by Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA)
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; , s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn light of the opioid epidemic in the United States, there is growing concern about the use of opioids in Sweden as it may lead to misuse and overuse and, in turn, severe public health problems. However, little is known about the distribution of opioid use across different demographic and socioeconomic dimensions in the Swedish general population. Therefore, we applied an intersectional Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA), to obtain an improved mapping of the risk heterogeneity of and socioeconomic inequalities in opioid prescription receipt. Methods and FindingsUsing data from 6,846,106 residents in Sweden aged 18 and above, we constructed 72 intersectional strata from combinations of gender, age, income, cohabitation status, and presence or absence of psychological distress. We modelled the absolute risk (AR) of opioid prescription receipt in a series of multilevel logistic regression models distinguishing between additive and interaction effects. By means of the Variance Partitioning Coefficient (VPC) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), we quantified the discriminatory accuracy (DA) of the intersectional strata for discerning those who received opioid prescriptions from those who did not. The AR of opioid prescription receipt ranged from 2.77% (95% CI 2.69¬–2.86) among low-income men aged 18–34, living alone, without psychological distress, to 28.25% (95% CI 27.95–28.56) among medium-income women aged 65 and older, living alone, with psychological distress. In a model that conflated both additive and interaction effects, the intersectional strata had a fair DA for discerning opioid users from non-users (VPC=13.2%, AUC=0.68). However, in the model that decomposed total effects into additive and interaction effects, the VPC was very low (0.42%) indicating the existence of small interaction effects for a number of the intersectional strata. ConclusionsThe intersectional MAIHDA approach aligns with the aims of precision public health, through improving the evidence base for health policy by increasing understanding of both health inequalities and individual heterogeneity. This approach is particularly relevant for socioeconomically conditioned outcomes such as opioid prescription receipt. We have identified intersections of social position within the Swedish population at greater risk for opioid prescription receipt.
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| 5. |
- Selberg, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the quality of healthcare through interdisciplinary education - a collaboration between Medicine and Gender Studies
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While Gender studies has sometimes been placed in opposition to biomedicine and medical practices in public debate, there is increasing scholarly recognition of the relevance of social factors and relationships for biological and medical phenomena and for the quality and equity of healthcare practices (Chin et al., 2016; Meloni, Cromby, Fitzgerald, & Lloyd, 2018; SKL, 2014). In Sweden and internationally, medical schools have identified the need to integrate approaches from social science and humanities in their curricula (LagroJanssen, 2012; Miller et al., 2013; Polianski, 2012; Viberg, 2010). This emerging interdisciplinarity in higher education, wherein different scientific traditions are bridged, has inspired new forms of collaborations and educational efforts. In this presentation, researchers from the Medical Faculty and the Faculty of Social Sciences at Lund University will present experiences of developing and teaching a course in gender studies aimed at healthcare practitioners. The 7,5 credit course Det jämlika vårdmötet has attracted a large number of students working in different positions within the Swedish healthcare system. The course builds on gender research as well as research in public health, social epidemiology and organization studies, thus bridging theoretical traditions, methodological approaches and research themes for the purpose of encouraging students to reflect on their professional practices in new ways. The focus of this presentation is what the course can teach us about interdisciplinary collaborations and their potential for reaching new groups of students with new and challenging questions and approaches in the interest of quality assurance in public service.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Wemrell, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Towards understanding the Nordic paradox : A review of qualitative interview studies on intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sociology Compass. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1751-9020. ; 13:6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a major public health problem in countries around the world, including the Nordic region. Contrary to what would be expected, as the Nordic countries are rated among the most gender equal in the world, survey data suggests that the lifetime prevalence rates of IPVAW in Sweden and neighboring Nordic countries are among the highest in the EU. This phenomenon, which has been termed the Nordic paradox, requires elucidation. The aim of this review is to explore what previous qualitative studies, based on interviews with or field observations of victims, perpetrators, or professionals working in the area, primarily in Sweden, have to teach us about the nature of this paradox. Three interrelated themes are discussed. The first is how gender equality is perceived and addressed as linked, or not, to IPVAW in Swedish research and practice. The second is how violence tends to be othered, for example, through assumptions that violence is perpetrated by foreign rather than Swedish men. The third is how causal mechanisms of IPVAW have been described, typically with reference to norms and dynamics of masculinity, femininity, and heterosexual interaction.
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| 8. |
- Wemrell, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the complexity of socioeconomic disparities in type 2 diabetes risk : a study of 4.3 million people in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2052-4897. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Investigating demographic and socioeconomic factors as intersecting rather than as separate dimensions may improve our understanding of the heterogeneous distribution of type 2 diabetes in the population. However, this complexity has scarcely been investigated and we still do not know the accuracy of these factors for predicting type 2 diabetes. Improved understanding of the demographic and socioeconomic disparities predicting type 2 diabetes risk in the population would contribute to more precise and effective public health interventions.Research design and methods We analyzed the risk of type 2 diabetes among 4 334 030 individuals aged 40–84 years who by 2010 had resided in Sweden for at least 5 years. We stratified the study population into 120 strata defined by categories of age, gender, income, education, and immigration status. We calculated measures of absolute risk (prevalence) and relative risk (prevalence ratio), and quantified the discriminatory accuracy of the information for predicting type 2 diabetes in the population.Results The distribution of type 2 diabetes risk in the population was highly heterogeneous. For instance, immigrated men aged 70–79 years with low educational achievement and low income had a risk around 32 times higher than native women aged 40–49 years with high income and high educational achievement (ie, 17.6% vs 0.5%). The discriminatory accuracy of the information was acceptable.Conclusion A more detailed, intersectional mapping of socioeconomic and demographic distribution of type 2 diabetes can assist in public health management aiming to reduce the prevalence of the disease.
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