The heat load in district heating systems

• This thesis considers the composition of the daily heat load in six Swedish district heating systems supplying heat for space heating and hot water supply. The analysis was performed by bringing together a heat load model and series of daily heat load observations covering periods ranging from five to eleven years.The influences of transient heat transmission, solar gain, and wind infiltration are found to be significant but small. It is shown that a natural self control of water radiators affects the magnitude of these influences when the control systems are incomplete. The annual fraction of each heat load component, the composition of the heat load duration graph, and the long term changes in heat consumption are presented.Furthermore, the heat load composition estimated facilitates future heat load simulations in order to quantify the outcome of various energy conservation measures with respect to reductions in design heat load and annual heat demand.

Ämnesord

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Maskinteknik -- Energiteknik (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Mechanical Engineering -- Energy Engineering (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

District heating; heat load; simulation; solar gain; air infiltration; natural ventilation; distribution heat losses; regression analysis; control systems

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